The Unfinished Business of rT ansitional Justice:
Reparation of oF rmer Political Prisoners in Post-Communist Albania
regime or should we forget about it? Little has been done to explore the human rights violations
and wrongdoing of the communist regime and we are far from establishing a common truth.
Some authors think that today’s crisis of democracy in Albania has its roots in its failure to make
peace with the bloody past, which has created a climate of cynicism and impunity that is still
eroding the nation’s spirit.118
Parliament has recently proposed an amendment to the law to prevent the Institute for the Study
of Communist Crimes from studying crimes committed during the Second World War.119 The
passed amendment separated the Second World War from period of the communist regime that
was established after the war. Nevertheless, such an initative is perceived as a malicious act to
prevent the study of communist crimes committed during the Second World War.
All interviewees stated that it is important that current generations learn about the atrocities
committed during the communist past. They express concern that the history of the communist
past is being forgotten and few memory sites exist about what happened in the past. Asked
whether new generations should learn about crimes committed during communism, some
interviewees declared:
Of course, this is a huge handicap. Not only the history of former political prisoners
prosecuted but also the history of Albanian nationalism, precisely the history of the
Second World War.120
This is the weakest point, the new generations know nothing about what happened because
school books have nothing about it [what happened during the communist regime]. They
[new generations] do not know what communism was, knowledge should be also for
general culture to prevent its repetition.121
[…] many roads continue to be named after persecutors whereas the anti-communist heroes
are not mentioned, instead they continue to be treated in the history as enemies. The
problem remains the history and literature in pre-university education. Little information
is provided in these books about what happened during the communist past. Little or
almost nothing is done to revise history.122
More than for us [political prisoners], [knowing the history] is good for citizens to be
aware of what has been done. I usually go to the House of Leaves Museum123 to talk with
high school children. And I have noticed that they know nothing about what has happened
in the era of their parents. What has happened 30-40 years ago. I want to raise awareness
among Albanian citizens to get familiar with what has happened with our fellow citizens.124
Of course there should be memory places, for example, this government opened the House
of Leaves Museum, BunkArt125 there is a plan for the Tepelena Museum. All this should
have been opened by the previous government. Because this is crucial, in all other places
there is a memorial for former political prosecuted, the last one was built in Romania,
however, here the decision has passed in Parliament but has not been executed.126
118. Gazmend Kapllani, ‘Pas krizës aktuale të Shqipërisë qëndrojnë krimet e pandëshkuara’ (2019) Reporter.al < https://www.reporter.
al/pas-krizes-aktuale-te-shqiperise-qendrojne-krimet-e-pandeshkuara/> accessed 29 September 2019
119. Gjergj Erbara, ‘Socialistët synojnë të ndalojnë studimin e Luftës së Dytë Botërore si “pjesë e komunizmit”’ (2019) Reporter.
al < https://www.reporter.al/socialistet-synojne-te-ndalojne-studimin-e-luftes-se-dyte-boterore-si-pjese-e-komunizmit/> accessed 29
September 2019
120. Reshat Kripa
121. Gjeto Vucaj
122. Nebli Cika
123. The Museum of Secret Surveillance < http://muzeugjethi.gov.al/home/historia-e-muzeut/?lang=en>
124. Uran Kostreci
125. BUNK’ART Museum < http://bunkart.al/1/faqe/about-us>
126. Reshat Kripa
49
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