National Preventive Mechanism Third Annual Report 2011–12 on 31 March 2009 (see Appendix I). At the time, the government also noted that additional bodies may be added to the NPM in the future. The bodies making up the NPM monitor various types of detention, including prisons, police custody, court custody, customs custody facilities, secure accommodation for children, and immigration, mental health and military detention. Given the scale and complexity of the UK’s NPM – the majority of NPMs in other countries are single-body entities – it was agreed that HM Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) would carry out the coordination and communication function of the NPM. The purpose of coordination is to promote cohesion and a shared understanding of OPCAT among the NPM members, to encourage collaboration and the sharing of information and good practice, and to facilitate joint activities. The role is performed by an NPM coordinator, appointed by HMIP to liaise with all members of the NPM, advise members on the effective implementation of OPCAT, share information with them, and provide support on policy and human rights issues. While based at HMIP, the coordinator represents the interests of all members, liaises with the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, other NPMs and external stakeholders, prepares the annual report, and organises meetings and workshops. While coordination is essential to the full and effective implementation of OPCAT in the UK, the independence of individual NPM members is respected, as is their ability to set their own priorities for detention monitoring. The essential requirement of OPCAT, that all places of detention are independently monitored, is fulfilled by individual members of the NPM or by members working in partnership with one another. Detailed findings relating to the treatment of and conditions for detainees are published in the inspection or annual reports of each member. Currently, the UK’s NPM is made up of the following bodies: England and Wales Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) Independent Monitoring Boards (IMB) Independent Custody Visiting Association (ICVA)1 Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) Care Quality Commission (CQC) Healthcare Inspectorate Wales (HIW) Office of the Children’s Commissioner for England (OCC) Care and Social Services Inspectorate Wales (CSSIW) Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) Scotland Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for Scotland (HMIPS) Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (HMICS) Scottish Human Rights Commission (SHRC) Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland (MWCS) Care Inspectorate (CI)2 1 Although the Independent Custody Visiting Association is listed as an organisation operating in England and Wales, its membership includes independent custody visitors who operate in Scotland (ICVS). 2 The Care Inspectorate’s detention monitoring role was formerly the function of the Scottish Commission for the Regulation of Care, or Care Commission. In April 2011, the Care Commission, the Social Work Inspection Agency and Directorate 6 of HM Inspectorate of Education became Social Care and Social Work Inspection Scotland (known as the ‘Care Inspectorate’). It is anticipated that the Care Inspectorate will be formally designated as a member of the NPM in place of the Care Commission. 8