the country of destination or return and reintegration in the country of origin or in a third country. Return to the country or place of origin shall only be arranged if return is deemed to be in the best interest of the child, taking into consideration the different needs and interests of boys and girls. Other relevant and necessary considerations include the safety and security of the child, the availability of care arrangements, the views of the child, the level of the child’s integration in the country of destination and the child’s right to preserve her or his identity, including nationality, name and family relations, and the desirability of continuity in a child’s upbringing. Non-rights-based arguments, such as those relating to general migration control, cannot override best interests considerations. Child victims who are not nationals/residents of the country in which they find themselves have the right to return to their country or place of origin, as do their parents. However, return is not an option if there is a “reasonable risk” that it would result in a violation of the fundamental human rights of the child and, in particular, if the principle of non-refoulement applies. The return of a trafficked child should be co-ordinated in advance between the authorities of the returning country or place and the authorities of the country or place of the child’s origin, and possibly with the authorities of transit countries. Return should only be considered when safe family reunification can be ensured, provided that further separation from family members is not determined to be in the best interests of the child due, for example, to the involvement of the child’s family members in her/his trafficking. The decision to return a child victim of trafficking can only be made once advance secure and concrete arrangements of long-term care and custodial responsibilities have been established in consultation with the responsible authorities in the country or place of origin. Every stage of the return process must be conducted in a safe, child-appropriate and gender-sensitive manner. States should ensure the provision of specialized needs-tailored training for officials working with children, including separated and unaccompanied children, as well as training on dealing with cases of trafficking in children. States are required to take special measures to protect the privacy of child victims of trafficking. Children’s identity and details that allow child victims of trafficking to be identified should be protected, and should only be made publicly known in exceptional circumstances concerning the child’s best interests. Such exceptional circumstances Part 1: Guiding Principles of Return 25