CAT/C/MOZ/CO/1 (b) Assess the effectiveness and impact of training courses on the incidence of torture and ill-treatment; and (c) Provide training on the use of the Manual on Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol) for all relevant personnel, including medical personnel. Conditions of detention in prisons and police stations 15. While acknowledging the steps taken by the State party to improve conditions in detention centres, including the construction of two new penitentiaries and the allocation of additional resources, the Committee remains concerned at the extremely high levels of overcrowding and the harsh conditions prevailing in detention facilities, including holding cells in police stations. According to the information provided by the State party’s delegation, 15,430 inmates in the country’s prisons were being held in facilities built to house 7,804. Furthermore, the State party’s initial report acknowledges the existence of deficiencies in the prison system, such as dilapidated infrastructure, insufficient water supply and sanitation facilities, the shortage and poor quality of food and the prevalence of infectious diseases (para.140). The Committee regrets that it has not received the information it requested on the incidence of inter-prisoner violence. The Committee is also concerned at reports from non-governmental sources of prolonged pretrial detention beyond the statutory limits prescribed by law and continued detention after the expiry of sentences (arts. 11 and 16). The State party should continue its efforts to improve prison conditions and to reduce overcrowding. In particular, it should: (a) Take the necessary measures to ensure that the basic needs of persons deprived of their liberty are met with regard to sanitation, medical care, food and water, in accordance with the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners; (b) Set up a system for monitoring places of detention on a regular basis with a view to ensuring that conditions of detention in the country’s prisons are compatible with the Convention and other international human rights standards; (c) Increase its efforts to reduce prison overcrowding, in particular by instituting alternatives to custodial sentences in accordance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (the Tokyo Rules) and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules); (d) Take steps to prevent inter-prisoner violence and investigate all such incidents so that the suspected perpetrators may be brought to trial and victims may be protected; and (e) Ensure, in law and in practice, that pretrial detention is not unduly prolonged and that inmates are not detained beyond the expiry of their sentence. Juvenile justice 16. The Committee is concerned at reports that pretrial detention is frequently applied to juveniles and that deprivation of liberty is not used as a measure of last resort for them. Despite the existence of youth sections in two of the country’s main prisons, the Committee remains concerned about the placement of juvenile offenders and adult detainees in the same facilities, especially as it cannot be guaranteed that there will be no contact whatsoever between them (arts. 11 and 16). 5