Visits in 2017
Mental health care institutions
Stavanger University Hospital’s
special unit for adults
9–12 January 2017
Stavanger University Hospital’s special unit for adults
has four sections with a total of 114 beds. Five wards
were visited.
Main findings
The wards visited consistently had pleasant and
open communal areas. The patient rooms felt bare.
Several wards had a strong focus on offering patients
opportunities for physical activity, but many would
like other forms of meaningful activity, therapy and
services adapted to their level of functioning and
interests. Most of the wards visited had no direct exit
for patients who wanted to spend time outdoors. The
patients had limited access to outdoor areas, and the
situation was particularly challenging for patients in
the segregation units.
The hospital has succeeded in achieving a significant reduction in the use of mechanical restraints, but
the use of isolation is prevalent. Important measures
had been implemented to prevent the use of coercive
measures.
A document review showed that the hospital
generally ensures that its use of mechanical restraints
is well documented. The documentation showed that
many coercive measures were of short duration,
with frequent attempts at releasing the patient
from the restraints. It nevertheless gives cause for
concern that some patients had been continuously
restrained in a restraint bed for more than 24 hours.
The staff mostly had good practical training aimed at
ensuring that patients were restrained in the gentlest
way possible. At the same time, some problematic
circumstances were identified in connection with
the restraining of patients, such as covering of their
mouth or face, active involvement by the local police
and patients sleeping in restraint beds.
Findings indicate that segregation was an integrated part of the treatment. The physical conditions
on the wards, with more than a quarter of patient
35
rooms located in the segregation sections, seemed
in itself to represent a risk of disproportionate use of
segregation. The segregation sections had a sterile
feel, particularly the patient rooms. Many found
the segregation sections prison-like. The premises
were cramped and inflexible, which made it difficult
to address all the patients’ needs, particularly when
all the segregation rooms were in use at the same
time. Findings made during the visit showed that this
was common, and that many patients were therefore
told to stay in their room. The doors were not locked,
but they were hard to open because of the round
doorknobs. This form of segregation gave it a feel
of solitary confinement. The measure was perceived
as distinctly more invasive than segregation with
unrestricted access to the segregation section's
living room, since it entailed greater restrictions on
the freedom of movement, human contact, activities
and stimuli. Most of the wards had also had patients
who had been subject to continuous segregation
for periods of several months, sometimes for five
months or more. Segregation for such prolonged
periods of time entails a clear risk of inhuman or
degrading treatment, particularly in light of the
physical conditions in the segregation sections and
the practice of segregation in the patient's own room.
Several patients stated that it was traumatic to
take medication against their own will, and some
experienced unpleasant side effects of the medication. At the same time, findings indicate that the
personnel treating the patients respected the fact
that forced medication is a measure that represents a
serious violation of a patient's integrity. The document
review showed that the hospital mostly ensures good
documentation of the assessments carried out before
a decision is made. Some decisions were nonetheless
inadequate, either in that the person responsible
for the decision had not considered whether all the
statutory requirements were met, or because the
grounds given for the decision appeared inadequate.
This applied in particular to the requirement that
there must be a ‘great likelihood’ that the treatment
will have a positive effect.
In recent years, Stavanger University Hospital has
performed ECT on a small number of patients on
the basis of the legal principle of necessity. There is
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