Human Rights Practice Command and supervisory officials · · · · · · Issue clear standing orders, and provide regular training, on protection of the human rights of all persons who come into contact with the police. Emphasize that all officers have both the right, and the duty, to defy unlawful superior orders and to report such unlawful orders to a higher official at once Remove from service any official implicated in a human rights violation, pending the outcome of an appropriate investigation. If the official is found to be guilty (after a trial), criminal and disciplinary sanctions should be imposed. If innocent, the official’s name should be cleared, and all benefits restored Issue a clear statement of policy, and corresponding orders, requiring full disclosure and the cooperation of all officials with both independent and internal investigations Establish, and strictly enforce, heavy sanctions for interference or non-cooperation with internal and independent investigations Review regularly the effectiveness of the chain of command within the agency, and take prompt action to strengthen that chain of command where indicated Provide clear guidelines on the preparation of reports, the collection and preservation of evidence, 61