Overview of anti-torture legislation in Latin America and the Caribbean El Salvador35, Guatemala36, Honduras37, Mexico38, Nicaragua39, Panama40, Paraguay41, Peru42 and Venezuela43) include in their definition of torture “mental or physical suffering”. In Uruguay, the Law 18.02644 added “moral suffering” to the torture definition. In Chile the legislation includes the element of “sexual suffering”45 as torture.  Act or omission must be inflicted intentionally The UNCAT establishes that the act or omission of torture must be inflicted intentionally. The Criminal Codes of Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador and Nicaragua expressly mention that torture must be inflicted with intention. On the other hand, the CAT has recommended to include in the definition both “acts and omissions” and 6 States have decided to include in the definition an offence by omission.46  For specific purpose The definition of torture in Article 1 of the UNCAT lists the most common purposes behind torture: obtaining confessions and information; the infliction of punishment; intimidation; or reasons based on discrimination. Nevertheless, these purposes are not exhaustive and the UNCAT includes the phrase “such purposes as” allowing States to add any other purposes in their national laws, or to recognize such other purposes in case law. 34 Ecuador, Criminal Code , Article 151, available at: http://www.justicia.gob.ec/wpcontent/uploads/2014/05/c%C3%B3digo_org%C3%A1nico_integral_penal_-_coip_ed._sdn-mjdhc.pdf (last accessed in January 2017). 35 El Salvador, Criminal Code, (1997) Article 366-A, available at: http://www.asamblea.gob.sv/eparlamento/indicelegislativo/buscador-de-documentos-legislativos/codigo%20penal (last accessed in December 2016). 36 Guatemala, Criminal Code, Article 201 Bis, available at: https://www.iberred.org/sites/default/files/codigo-penal-deguatemala.pdf (last accessed in November 2016). 37 Honduras, Criminal Code, (1997) Article209-A, available at: https://www.ccit.hn/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/CodigoPena-Honduras.pdf (last accessed in December 2016). 38 Mexico, General Law to Prevent, Investigate and Punish Torture, (2017), Article24, available at: http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LGPIST_260617.pdf (last accessed in September 2017). 39 Nicaragua, Criminal Code, Article 486, (2008) available at: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/es/ni/ni031es.pdf (last accessed in January 2017). 40 Panama, Criminal Code, Article 156, (modified in January 2011) available at: http://www.oas.org/juridico/PDFs/mesicic5_pan_res_ane_act_corr_2.pdf (last accessed in December 2016) 41 Paraguay, Criminal Code, Article 309, (2012) available at: https://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/pry/1997/codigoprocesal-penal-de-la-republica-del-paraguay_html/Codigo_procesal_penal_Paraguay.pdf (last accessed in February 2017). 42 Peru, Criminal Code, Article 321, (modified in January 2017), available at: http://busquedas.elperuano.com.pe/normaslegales/decreto-legislativo-que-modifica-el-codigo-penal-a-fin-de-fodecreto-legislativo-n-1351-1471551-3/ (last accessed in February 2017). 43 Venezuela, Special Law to Prevent and Punish Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, Article 5, (2013) available at: http://www.mp.gob.ve/LEYES/LEY_ESPECIAL_PARA_PREVENIR_Y_SANCIONAR_LA_TORTURA/LEY%20PARA%20SANCIO NAR%20LA%20TORTURA.htm (last accessed in February 2017). 44 Uruguay, Act 18 026, Article 22, (2006) available at: https://legislativo.parlamento.gub.uy/temporales/leytemp9482377.htm (last accesses in January 2017). 45 Chile, Law N° 20 968 (Criminal Code amendment), Article 150 A, available at: https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1096847 (last accessed in February 2017). 46 Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Ecuador and Venezuela. 10