PART D – Examination of children stress disorder and feelings of guilt and selfblame (Pynoos, Kinzie, & Gordon, 2001). After a traumatic event, children may suffer from enuresis and – less frequently – from encopresis (Kaffman & Elizur, 1983; Simpson, 1993). Nocturnal enuresis is rather common in children of school age. It occurs more often in boys than in girls. There is a strong association with a family history of bedwetting. Regressive enuresis (occurs after children were previously dry) may be triggered by stressful events. Physical examination and urinalysis are indicated to exclude organic damages, but organic pathology may be found in only a very small number of cases. Possible differential diagnoses are urinary tract infections (especially girls) and diabetes mellitus. Encopresis is less common than enuresis. It is a problem that in most cases develops as a result of long-standing constipation. It may represent emotional problems. As in the case of enuresis, organic defects are rarely found, but should be excluded. 33 It would facilitate the recognition of physical consequences of torture if health professionals were familiar with the physical consequences of other non-accidental injuries in children. The shaken infant syndrome has been described as occurring only in very young children, seldom older than two years of age. However, symptoms similar to the shaken infant syndrome have been diagnosed in an adult who had been subjected to shaking during interrogation (Pounder & Path, 1997). There has been no systematic study of morbidity amongst the many people who have been submitted to shaking during interrogation.