National Preventive Mechanism Eleventh Annual Report 2019–20 external visits at Harmondsworth. After concerns were raised with Immigration Enforcement and with the then Immigration Minister, the rate for December 2018 fell to 59%. This level was not maintained across all sites during 2019: at Harmondsworth the rate for the six months to December 2019 was 75%, while at Brook House the rate over 2019 was 66%.175 There was some refurbishment in short-term holding facilities (STHFs) at ports and airports but at Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 STHF, there were still no showers in the holding room. The problems with legionella bacteria, causing the showers in the other holding rooms to be out of use for months at a time, persisted during 2019. There were also no showers in the holding rooms at either Glasgow or Edinburgh airports. The lack of privacy for the toilets in Festival Court reporting centre continued to be a matter of concern.176 In addition to IRCs and STHFs, HMI Prisons inspected two detainee removal flights. During these overseas escorts, inspectors continued to identify a disproportionate approach to risk and excessive use of restraints.177 The IMB Charter Flight Monitoring Team (CFMT) considered the use of restraint necessary, reasonable and proportionate in many, but not all, cases. According to its observations, restraint has, on occasion, been used in response to a simple statement of reluctance to leave, not accompanied by verbal threats or physical resistance on the part of the detainee. Furthermore, the CFMT raised concerns that people removed under the provisions of the Dublin Convention, who were being removed to the European country where their asylum claims were to be determined, were subject to greater levels of restraint than other returnees. One in 10 detainees on the flight to West Africa in September were restrained; five in eight detainees on the flights to Germany and Kosovo in November were restrained. While monitoring a flight to Germany in July 2019, the IMB CFMT witnessed an extremely distressing incident. Two men who had selfharmed shortly before being handed over to escorts were presented without having had their injuries medically treated, and, in one case, semi-naked. IMB monitors considered that the treatment of these two men was degrading and inhumane.178 175 IMB, October 2020, Immigration Detention Estate: Annual Report 2019, https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/imb-prodstorage-1ocod6bqky0vo/uploads/2020/10/IDE-National-Annual-Report-for-publication.pdf [accessed 10/11/2020] 176 IMB, October 2020, Immigration Detention Estate: Annual Report 2019, https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/imb-prodstorage-1ocod6bqky0vo/uploads/2020/10/IDE-National-Annual-Report-for-publication.pdf [accessed 10/11/2020] 177 HMI Prisons, October 2020, Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons 2019-20 Annual Report, https://www. justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprisons/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/10/HMI-Prisons_Annual-Report-and-Accounts2019-20-WEB.pdf [accessed 30/10/2020] 178 IMB, October 2020, Immigration Detention Estate: Annual Report 2019, https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/imb-prodstorage-1ocod6bqky0vo/uploads/2020/10/IDE-National-Annual-Report-for-publication.pdf [accessed 10/11/2020] 56