01005708 Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC E313 3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND195 79. The events during the Democratic Kampuchea era must be understood within the context of events that preceded it and in particular the development of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (“CPK”). As the CPK grew, it developed and put into practice a number of policies in order to achieve its goals. The existence of each of these policies is examined in this section in order to provide a full picture of the situation prior to 17 April 1975. This section considers the historical development of CPK policies while their overall implementation will be the subject of subsequent chapters which comprise a general overview of events during the temporal scope of the charges or the specific crimes charged in this case.196 Two of these policies, the forced movement of the population and the targeting of Khmer Republic soldiers and civilian officials, are the subject of charges within Case 002/01 and are consequently examined in greater detail. Further to the existence and, where relevant, the implementation of the CPK policies, the Chamber examines below the general conditions in Phnom Penh leading up to the final assault of the city which began in January 1975 and culminated in the takeover and evacuation of Phnom Penh on 17 April 1975. 3.1. General Overview and Establishment of the CPK 80. In establishing the history of the CPK set out below, the Chamber has relied upon the testimony of NUON Chea and on a number of key documents, including Revolutionary Flag magazines and the transcript of a 1998 interview197 given by NUON Chea to KHEM Ngun, a former assistant to Ta Mok.198 When questioned about this interview, NUON Chea attempted to discredit KHEM by stating before the Chamber that the latter was a spy for HUN Sen, a Co-Prime Minister of the 195 The evidence discussed in this section is for the purpose of establishing the historical and factual context of events within the temporal jurisdiction of the ECCC. Such may include: clarifying a given context, establishing by inference the elements of criminal conduct within the temporal jurisdiction of the ECCC, or demonstrating a deliberate pattern of conduct. See Nahimana Appeal Judgement, para. 315. 196 See Section 4: General Overview; Section 10: Movement of the Population (Phase One); Section 11: Movement of the Population (Phase Two); Section 12: Tuol Po Chrey. 197 T. 14 December 2011 (NUON Chea), pp. 40-43; Video Record of NUON Chea testimony, E1/23R, 15 December 2011 (session 2) at 50:00-50:15 (Counsel repeating 1998 as date of interview). 198 NUON Chea Interview by KHEM Ngun, E3/3, Undated, fn. 1; T. 15 December 2011 (NUON Chea), pp. 45-46. Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public 41