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Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC
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11.2.2.
Stage 2: Transfer to the Northwest and Central (old North) Zones and Sector 103 340
11.2.3.
Stage 3: Assignment to Work-sites and Cooperatives .............................................. 344
11.3.
PRODUCTION TARGETS: TRANSFERS WITHIN THE NORTHERN, SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL
REGIONS ............................................................................................................................ 348
11.3.1.
The 1976 Goal: Three Tonnes per Hectare ............................................................. 349
11.3.2.
The 1977 Goal: Three or Six Tonnes per Hectare ................................................... 354
11.4.
CLASS STRUGGLE AGAINST THE ‘NEW PEOPLE’: TRANSFERS WITHIN THE NORTHERN,
SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL REGIONS................................................................................... 357
11.4.1.
Re-fashioning in the Cooperatives (September 1975 to December 1976) ............... 359
11.4.2.
“Clearly distinguish the elements” (1977) .............................................................. 363
11.5.
TRANSFERS AWAY FROM THE VIETNAMESE BORDER ......................................................... 365
11.6.
LEGAL FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 366
11.6.1.
Forced Transfer ....................................................................................................... 368
11.6.2.
Enforced Disappearances ........................................................................................ 372
11.6.3.
Attacks Against Human Dignity ............................................................................... 374
11.6.4.
Extermination........................................................................................................... 375
11.6.5.
Political Persecution ................................................................................................ 376
12.
TUOL PO CHREY ................................................................................................................... 380
12.1.
12.2.
12.3.
12.4.
12.5.
13.
DEFEAT OF PURSAT PROVINCE AND ZONE COMMITTEE MEETING ..................................... 381
MEETING(S) WITH LON NOL OFFICIALS AT PURSAT PROVINCIAL TOWN-HALL .................. 384
TRANSFER TO TUOL PO CHREY .......................................................................................... 388
EVENTS AT TUOL PO CHREY .............................................................................................. 391
LEGAL FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 393
APPLICABLE LAW: INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ............................. 396
13.1.
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 396
13.2.
COMMISSION THROUGH A JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE ................................................... 396
13.3.
PLANNING .......................................................................................................................... 399
13.4.
INSTIGATING ...................................................................................................................... 400
13.5.
ORDERING .......................................................................................................................... 401
13.6.
AIDING AND ABETTING ...................................................................................................... 402
13.6.1.
Aiding and Abetting by Omission............................................................................. 403
13.6.2.
Specific Direction .................................................................................................... 404
13.6.3.
Assistance after the Fact .......................................................................................... 406
13.7.
SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................................ 407
13.7.1.
Superior Responsibility in Customary International Law ........................................ 409
13.7.2.
Duty to Act ............................................................................................................... 410
13.7.3.
Relationships of Subordination ................................................................................ 411
14.
JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE ........................................................................................ 412
14.1.
COMMON PURPOSE ............................................................................................................ 412
14.1.1.
Phase One: Party-Building ...................................................................................... 413
14.1.2.
Phase Two: Initiation of the Armed Revolution ....................................................... 415
14.1.3.
Phase Three: The Democratic Revolution ............................................................... 417
14.1.4.
Phase Four: The Socialist Revolution...................................................................... 421
14.1.5.
Legal Findings ......................................................................................................... 449
14.2.
THE POPULATION MOVEMENT POLICY .............................................................................. 451
14.2.1.
Overview .................................................................................................................. 452
14.2.2.
Evacuation of Cities ................................................................................................. 458
14.2.3.
Movement between Rural Areas .............................................................................. 464
14.2.4.
Legal Findings ......................................................................................................... 468
14.3.
THE TARGETING POLICY .................................................................................................... 471
14.3.1.
Policy ....................................................................................................................... 472
14.3.2.
Justifications and Denials ........................................................................................ 476
14.3.3.
Pattern ..................................................................................................................... 484
14.3.4.
Legal Findings ......................................................................................................... 489
Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public
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