01005758 Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC E313 3.7. Final Assault on Phnom Penh 161. Starting in 1973 and increasing in 1974-1975 until the liberation of Phnom Penh, Khmer Rouge forces shelled Phnom Penh with rockets and other ordnance. 476 The Khmer Rouge did not have proper rocket launchers and rockets fell primarily in residential areas.477 Stephen HEDER was told about the sources of this ordnance by a Japanese military attaché whose information likely originated from Khmer Republic military intelligence.478 He testified that, under the overall direction of the General Staff chaired by SON Sen, 105mm shells were fired from the Special Zone troops commanded by IN Lorn alias Nat, and that the 107mm shells coming from the east were fired by the East Zone Division 1 or 2 troops. 479 162. With the attacks on LON Nol government-held territories on-going, KOY Thuon and other senior leaders met towards the end of 1974 in Damnach Smach (near Oudong) to plan the liberation of Phnom Penh.480 Then, on 1 January 1975, the CPK began its final assault on Phnom Penh.481 The offensive was announced in a statement by KHIEU Samphan in a radio broadcast of 31 December 1974.482 163. From February to April 1975, the shelling continued unabated, killing and injuring hundreds of civilians.483 Around 14-15 April 1975, there was an exodus of 476 T. 11 July 2013 (Stephen HEDER), p. 77, 80, 82; T. 14 November 2012 (MEAS Saran), pp. 91-92. T. 5 June 2013 (Sidney SCHANBERG), p. 21 (Khmer Rouge had Chinese made rockets but no machinery to get them in the air so they improvised wooden launchers); T. 11 July 2013 (Stephen HEDER), p. 80; T. 23 October 2012 (LAY Bony), p. 83. 478 T. 11 July 2013 (Stephen HEDER), pp. 82-83. 479 T. 11 July 2013 (Stephen HEDER), pp. 79-81; See also, Section 5: Administrative Structures, para. 240. 480 T. 2 May 2012 (PEAN Khean), pp. 63-64. 481 T. 11 July 2013 (Stephen HEDER), p. 76; Khmer Rouge Launch New Year’s Offensive (in FBIS Collection), E3/30, 1 January 1975, ERN (En) 00166658; Central Committee Decision, E3/12, 30 March 1976, p. 3, ERN (En) 00182811; Revolutionary Flag, E3/747, August 1978, p. 20, ERN (En) 00499785 (“At 1 a.m. on 1 January 1975, every military unit including militias and district, sector, and Zone and Center military forces at every spearhead had to attack, pound and penetrate following the plans set by the Party.”). 482 Cambodians Urged to Unite in New Year’s Offensive (in FBIS Collection), E3/30, 31 December 1974, ERN (En) 00166659-61. 483 T. 11 January 2013 (CHHAOM Se), p. 58; T. 5 June 2013 (Sydney SCHANBERG), p. 21; Book by S. SCHANBERG: Cambodia Diary 1975, E236/1/4/3.1, 16 January 1975-7 February 1975, p. 22, ERN (En) 00898230 (“In the nine weeks since the offensive began, about 1000 rockets have fallen on the capital, killing more than 150 civilians and wounding nearly 600 others.”); Heavy Fighting Continues around Phnom Penh, More Rocket Attacks (in FBIS Collection), E3/30, 2 January 1975, ERN (En) 00166662 (15 rockets fired into the capital the day before killed seven and wounded 13, according to official figures); Khmer Rouge Rockets Hit Phnom Penh (in FBIS Collection), E3/30, 10 477 Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public 91