POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA Public Order and Crisis Management From 14 to 16 April in Karaganda and 19 to 21 April in Kokshetau, the Office and the MoIA co-organized a training seminar for police officers on psychological profiling techniques to be used when policing large-scale events. The seminar was led by experts from the Association of Psychologists and Behavioural Therapists of Kazakhstan. The event is a follow-up to seminars on best practices in public assembly management and profiling techniques, held in 2016. Some 35 mid-level officers and instructors of the Karaganda Police Academy and 30 officers and cadets of the Kokshetau Technical Institute under the Interior Ministry’s Emergency Committee learned about psychological techniques for identifying potential threats during mass events. Experts focused on psychological profiling, including identifying the elements of risk profiles, crowd mentality and psychological methods of influencing an aggressive crowd, lie detection techniques and drills to improve visual memory, concentration and attention. Experts also presented ways to use different risk indicators. The course was followed by a practical exercise where police offices worked in the city to practice using their news skills in the analysis of crowd situations under the guidance of the experts. From 1 to 3 November, the Office, in co-operation with the Karaganda Police Academy under the MoIA co-organized a ToT course for law enforcement personnel on psychological profiling techniques for policing large-scale events. Experts from the Association of Psychologists and Behavioural Therapists of Kazakhstan trained some 30 mid-level police officers on observational psychology during mass events, focusing on elements of risk profiles, crowd mentality and psychological methods of influencing an aggressive crowd and exercises to improve visual memory, concentration and attention. A draft handbook developed for the Police Academy instructors, published in December 2017, was reviewed by event organizers. On 8 December, the Office supported a public council meeting at the MoIA on the management of public assemblies and ways to increase the level of trust between law enforcement and citizens. Some 40 representatives from law enforcement, state authorities and civil society discussed  current issues and challenges arising from regulations and procedures for managing public assemblies. In addition, they addressed effective approaches for the police and other law enforcement bodies during authorized and unauthorized public assemblies, demonstrations and protests. OSCE-supported national and international experts raised participant awareness on the roles and responsibilities of law enforcement in ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms of citizens. They also discussed how to prevent unlawful actions during public gatherings, in accordance with international standards and best practices. A set of recommendations was drafted by the participants. Other, including co-ordination and co-operation On 24 April, the Office, together with the US Embassy in Kazakhstan and the Austrian Interior Ministry started a month-long Canine Explosive Search Training Programme for eleven canine specialists from the MoIA, the National Guard and the State Protection Service. The course included advanced techniques and methods for service dogs through hands-on training using positive reinforcement on detection of explosives and their components. Participants were trained on the theoretical foundations of dog training and searching. The course was organized to support the canine capacities of Kazakhstan’s law enforcement agencies on explosives detection. On 29 and 30 June, the Office supported a two-day workshop on implementing the UNSCRs to counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Kazakhstan. The event was organized in partnership with the Financial Monitoring Committee of the Ministry of Finance and the US Embassy in Kazakhstan for some 25 state officials. The international experts familiarized participants with the FATF standards and UNSCR requirements related to preventing and disrupting the financial flows related to WMD. Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds From 31 July to 4 August, the Office, in co-operation with the PGO, the Law Enforcement Academy and the US Embassy in Kazakhstan, organized a five-day regional workshop on investigating financial crimes and recovery of stolen assets for some 30 law enforcement officials from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Pakistan. National and international experts from Canada, the UK and the US delivered presentations on how to investigate money laundering crimes, collect evidence, identify tax evasion and corruption schemes, conduct cross-border investigations, protect third-party rights and submit mutual legal requests to foreign jurisdictions for the recovery of repatriated assets. The event aimed to strengthen co-operation between participating countries in the field of investigating financial 115