Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units 3.3 Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings Introduction In line with the 2003 OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, its 2005 addendum addressing the special needs of child victims of trafficking, as well as the 2013 addendum complementing the Action Plan and the MC Decisions No. 02/03 and 3/06, the OSR/CTHB is mandated to address all forms of human trafficking. In 2017, in co-operation with the Austrian OSCE Chairmanship, participating States, as well as Partners for Co-operation, the Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB) continued to raise awareness, provide technical assistance, and promote a cross-dimensional and human rightsbased approach in the following priority areas: • Strengthening the criminal justice response; • Enhancing prevention of human trafficking; • Improving victim identification and assistance. Building upon its initiatives and achievements and taking stock of the findings of the comprehensive survey undertaken in 2016, the OSR/CTHB focused its activities on human trafficking stemming from emergencies and crisis situations, in particular the risks of human trafficking in mixed migration flows and conflict situations, trafficking of minors, including unaccompanied and separated children, and trafficking in human beings for the purpose of terrorist activities. The OSR/CTHB co-operates with relevant thematic units in the OSCE Secretariat and OSCE field operations to deliver projects and joint activities through its network of Anti-Trafficking Focal Points. This includes close co-operation with TNTD/SPMU on issues of mutual concern, including police-related matters. Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Trafficking in Human Beings and Migration-related Crime Trafficking in human beings remains one of the most farreaching and lucrative criminal enterprises on the globe. Within the context of mixed-migration flows, human trafficking is having direct and indirect security implications for transit and host countries across the OSCE area. Throughout 2017, the OSR/CTHB continued its pioneering, multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral project “Combating Human Trafficking along Migration Routes” at the Carabinierirun Centre of Excellence for Stability Police Units (CoEPSU) in Vicenza, Italy. Designed to comprehensively respond to THB in a migratory context, this innovative capacity-building project helps participants improve their knowledge and skills in identifying and assisting trafficked persons among large movements of people, while securing investigation and prosecution needs. The exercise involved practical and realistic scenario-based simulation exercises, especially sexual and labour exploitation cases among migrants, including child victims. A further important exercise goal related to the employment of financial investigative techniques to trace and seize traffickers’ profits to put an end to perpetrator immunity and dismantle complex criminal organizations. From 5 to 9 June, 71 participants from 38 countries, including three Partners for Co-operation (namely, Thailand, Israel and Egypt) took part in the OSCE’s second live simulation exercise. The multi-stakeholder group of trainees included law enforcement officials, prosecutors, labour inspectors, financial investigators, lawyers, social service providers, civil society representatives, cultural mediators, and media professionals. The third live simulation exercise took place from 11 to 15 September, involving 66 beneficiaries from 33 countries. 37