CAT/C/ITA/CO/5-6 25. The State party should: (a) Clarify the legal basis for deprivation of liberty and the use of force to obtain fingerprints from uncooperative asylum seekers and migrants; (b) Ensure that all allegations of excessive use of force in order to fingerprint migrants and asylum seekers who resist the identification process are investigated promptly, thoroughly and impartially, and that perpetrators are prosecuted and punished; (c) Ensure that law enforcement officials receive appropriate professional training, including on how to avoid excessive use of force and how to handle the fingerprinting of uncooperative migrants and asylum seekers, and that authorities develop explanatory materials for the persons being fingerprinted to minimize trauma; (d) Take the measures necessary to ensure appropriate reception conditions for asylum seekers and irregular migrants; (e) Formulate clear guidelines and related training on the identification of individuals in need of international protection, including torture and trafficking victims, from among asylum seekers and migrants. Monitoring of immigration detention facilities 26. The Committee notes with concern that there have been instances where the regional and local preventive mechanisms’ right of access to places of detention has been questioned by the authorities, especially in relation to certain immigration centres and “crisis centres”. Civil society organizations and municipal authorities also reported difficulties in accessing reception centres for asylum seekers and migrants, be they publicly or privately managed. 27. The State party should: (a) Guarantee that the National Authority for the Rights of Persons Detained or Deprived of Personal Liberty and its regional counterparts are allowed to visit all — and any suspected — places of deprivation of liberty, as set out in articles 4 and 29 of the Optional Protocol, that are within its jurisdiction. For these purposes, the jurisdiction of the State extends to all those places over which it exercises effective control (see CAT/OP/12/5, para. 24); (b) Authorize non-governmental human rights organizations and other civil society actors to undertake monitoring activities at reception centres for asylum seekers and migrants, including at “crisis centres” and centres for unaccompanied children. Detention pending deportation 28. While noting the reduction in the maximum length of detention in immigration detention centres (identification and expulsion centres) from 18 months to a strict limit of 90 days, in application of Law No. 161/2014, the Committee considers that detention pending deportation should be further reduced and only applied as an exceptional measure (arts. 11 and 16). 29. The State party should ensure that rejected asylum seekers and irregular migrants are held in detention only as a last resort and, if such detention becomes necessary, that they are held for as short a time as possible and that use is made of alternatives to detention whenever feasible. Training 30. The Committee acknowledges the efforts made by the State party to develop and implement training programmes in human rights for members of the security forces, prison staff, immigration personnel and judicial officers. However, it is concerned at the lack of information on evaluation of the impact of those programmes. The Committee also regrets the scant information provided on training programmes for professionals directly involved in the investigation and documentation of torture, as well as for medical and other 6