UNCAT Ratification Tool
level requires the State to deposit an instrument of ratification with the UN Secretary‐General (see
model instrument of ratification in this package).
(ii)
ACCESSION
An alternative route available to States to agree to be bound by the Convention is through the single
action of accession (see UNCAT article 26). To become party to the Convention, an acceding State
must formally declare its consent to be bound by the UNCAT with the deposit of an instrument of
accession.
As with the procedure for ratification, accession may involve one or more of the steps described
next. Accession is effected through the deposit of an instrument of accession with the UN Secretary‐
General (see model instrument of accession in this package).
Steps to ratification or accession
Step One. Action by the national government. At the national level, there may be specific
procedures a State is required to undertake, prior to becoming party to an international agreement.
For some countries, parliamentary authority is required to become party to international treaties; for
others, only executive authority is needed. Irrespective of the domestic procedures, before a State
formally agrees to become party to a treaty, it is generally recommended that State authorities
discuss the obligations widely before ratification or accession, so that all the Convention’s
requirements are fully understood. There is no requirement that a State be fully in compliance with
all UNCAT provisions prior to ratification or accession however, although it is expected that
appropriate steps would be taken to ensure conformity with the Convention over time.
Step Two. Determine if any reservations or declarations are needed. As part of any relevant
domestic process, the Government should determine whether any reservations or declarations need
to be made with submission of the instrument of ratification or accession.
For example, a Government will need to submit a declaration at the time of ratification or accession
to exercise the opt‐out option for articles 20 and 30 of the Convention (see UNCAT articles 28 and
30(2) for authority for permitted declarations). Reservations and declarations are described more
fully in the next section of this package.
Step Three. Prepare and sign instrument(s). Following the completion of any necessary domestic
procedures, the Government office responsible for doing so will prepare the instrument of
ratification or accession and any instruments of reservation or declaration.
In the practice of many countries, this responsibility belongs to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The
Head of State, Head of Government or Minister for Foreign Affairs will then sign and date the
instrument(s).
Step Four. Delivery to the Secretary‐General through the UN Treaty Section. After domestic
procedures have been followed and the decision to be bound by the Convention taken, a State must
formally deposit the instrument of ratification or accession. Ratification or accession to the
Convention becomes effective only when it is deposited with the Secretary‐General of the United
Nations at United Nations Headquarters in New York. The date of deposit is normally recorded as
that on which the instrument is received at Headquarters.
The instrument may be delivered by hand, mail or fax to the Treaty Section of the United Nations,
preferably including translation into English or French, where appropriate. If the instrument is
deposited by hand, it is not required that the person delivering the instrument has full powers. In
accordance with depositary practice, if a State initially faxes or sends by email a signed copy of an
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