UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE FIELD Accountability (A) A1 – Human rights training and education is institutionalized in the justice, health, education, and defence and security sectors. The HRS provided technical support for the institutionalization of human rights in key sectors. The HRS and the Ministry of Education collaborated to prepare a manual for primary education students on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A second manual was developed for the use of professors and will be released in 2019. No progress has been achieved, however, in relation to the institutionalization of human rights training in the health, justice and defence sectors. Participation (P) P5 – A protection mechanism for human rights defenders is in place. With a view to supporting the establishment of protection mechanisms that conform to international human rights standards, the HRS provided technical advice and financial support to the Human Rights Defenders Network. This collaboration led to the completion of a countrywide mapping of human rights defenders. The final stage of the mapping took place from June to September and involved field missions to Farim, Mansaba, Bissorã and Bigéne where 116 human rights defenders, including 58 women, were identified. The full mapping exercise, which began in 2017, led to the identification of 791 human rights defenders, including 328 women. The Human Rights Defenders Network initiated a process of decentralization through the establishment of regional structures as an important step towards the creation of early warning mechanisms in a number of regions. 202 UN HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2018 UN HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE FIELD Non-Discrimination (ND) ND3 – Laws are passed that ensure women’s equality; they include a quota system for women’s political participation and representation, and prohibit early and forced marriage. The HRS advocated for the compliance of legislation and policies with international human rights norms and standards, particularly in relation to women’s rights. In 2018, Bissau Guinean women mobilized for the adoption of the Parity Law for the participation of women in politics and decision-making spheres, which was formally adopted on 2 August and promulgated by the President in December. The entry into force of the Law is expected to introduce changes to the political sphere. For example, one of its main objectives is the promotion of gender equality through enhanced equal opportunities for men and women, including by establishing a minimum representation of 36 per cent of each gender in lists for elected positions. The HRS will continue working towards strengthening the capacities of women to increase their political participation. In addition, the HRS advocated with and trained national authorities and other stakeholders to promote their increased engagement with the human rights mechanisms under the Mechanisms pillar. trial seeking compensation and remedial action for lead poisoning of a slum in Mombasa, were placed under Kenya’s witness protection programme. The Office also paid a portion of the legal fees and supported the attendance of critical witnesses for the case. KENYA Population size1 Surface area1 Human Development Index2 NHRI (if applicable)3 50.95 million 592,000 km² 0.590 (143/188 in 2016) Status A, 2014 Type of engagement Human Rights Adviser Year established 2008 Field office(s) Nairobi UN partnership framework United Nations Development Assistance Framework 2018-2022 Staff as of 31 December 2018 5 XB requirements 2018 US$963,400 D2 – The courts and State non-judicial mechanisms hold businesses and other economic actors accountable, in accordance with human rights standards and the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Key OMP pillars in 2018 123 Through consistent advocacy, OHCHR contributed to the improved compliance of legislation and policy with international human rights norms and standards. Please refer to Data sources and notes on p.191. KEY PILLAR RESULTS: Participation (P) P1 – The Kenyan authorities put measures in place to protect civic space, including the Public Benefits and Organizations Act. The measures, and policies on public participation, comply with international human rights standards. Office facilitated two forums that enabled the Department of Justice to consult with different stakeholders from the government, civil society, the private sector and women’s organizations, all of which provided inputs into the draft. Development (D) With OHCHR technical support, the compliance of the draft national policy on public participation with international human rights standards has significantly improved. The draft policy, once approved, will provide a framework for public participation in policy development and implementation. The draft has been finalized and handed over to the Attorney General for its presentation to the Cabinet. It is consistent with the Guidelines on Public Participation adopted by the Human Rights Council. The D1 – Two landmark litigation cases are successfully completed, and victims receive remedies. OHCHR advocated for the functioning of accountability and protection mechanisms in line with international human rights standards. In May, following advocacy efforts undertaken by OHCHR and the Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment, three environmental human rights activists, who had testified in a Shifts: The National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights, which has yet to be approved, will ensure the realization of the standards set out in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. As a member of the Steering Group set up by the Government of Kenya to develop the plan, OHCHR provided advice on its contents and participated in consultations with a wide range of stakeholders, including women and indigenous peoples. D8 – National institutions, assisted by communities, systematically collect, disaggregate and use data relevant for advancing human rights when they monitor and implement the SDGs. In August, a pilot population census included a set of indicators on albinism and self-identification of indigenous persons for the first time. OHCHR provided technical advice to the National Bureau of Statistics and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (NCHR) on data collection. It also compiled and shared a list of treaty body Civic Space UN HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2018 203