In April, the TNTD/SPMU was invited to become a member of the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) Steering Committee. The APWG was established in 2003 and is focused on unifying the global response to cybercrime. The organization provides a forum for responders and managers of cybercrime to discuss cybercrime issues, and examines potential technology solutions for cyber security and cybercrime forensics. The organization also works closely with the academic sector involved in cybercrime research. The APWG advises government, industry, law enforcement and treaty organizations on cybercrime issues, and the APWG Steering Committee provides expert guidance to the APWG regarding its future activities. On 26-27 April, the TNTD/SPMU participated in the APWG’s “Sixth Annual Counter-eCrime Operations Summit” in Prague. The meeting paid special attention to the shifting nature of cybercrime. Presenters reviewed case studies of successful transnational forensic cooperation and participants also examined new resources for improving cybercrime response and forensic analysis. The OSCE region was identified as the area from where much of the world's cybercrime activities originate. A number of OSCE participating States were noted within the top ten for cybercrime activity. Some 130 representatives from the private sector, governments and international organizations participated in the event. The TNTD/SPMU facilitated the participation of two Serbian cybercrime experts and one cybercrime prosecutor at the meeting. On 8-10 May, the TNTD/SPMU participated at the “41st ICPO-INTERPOL European Regional Conference” in Tel Aviv. The meeting was organized by INTERPOL in co-operation with the Israeli Police authorities. Relevant topics of immediate OSCE interest included: an effective global law enforcement response to cybercrime; challenges in combating organized crime and terrorism at the global level; and capacity building and training initiatives. Both INTERPOL and the TNTD/SPMU have had a lengthy experience as partners co-operating on issues to the benefit of the OSCE participating States. As a collaborator, INTERPOL, with their innovative tools and global reach, have created good synergy with TNTD/SPMU expertise. In 2012, the Annual Police Experts Meeting organized by the TNTD/SPMU was devoted to the topic of “Fighting the Threat of Cyber Crime”. The meeting, which was held on 20-21 September in Vienna, convened some 90 experts from academia, the private sector and criminal justice bodies, who discussed ways to fight cybercrime. The two-day meeting was organized through the Irish Chairmanship-in-Office (CiO) and focused on improving prevention efforts, information exchange, investigative training and co-operation with the private sector and Internet providers. The participants were informed about existing and planned networks of relevant bodies to counter crime and discussed strategies to make them more effective. The CiO identified the importance of expert input from the private sector and academia. With ever changing cyber threats the importance of co-operating and developing efficient tools was highlighted. A conference report was circulated to all participants and Delegations as SEC.GAL/227/12. On 29-30 November, the TNTD/SPMU, in co-operation with the OSCE Mission to Serbia, organized a two-day training course on Computer Forensics and Digital Evidence, which brought together 40 police supervisors, appellate level prosecutors and judges from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. The workshop aimed at improving the participants’ understanding of computer crimes, computer forensics, and cyber evidence retrieval, while investigating and prosecuting crimes against children on the Internet. The training was delivered by cybercrime experts from the Ministries of Justice and Interior of the Republic of Serbia, the Association of Prosecutors of Serbia and the Garda Siochana, Ireland. Five speakers reviewed various aspects of handling digital evidence in regard to child pornography in their presentations, followed by discussions among participants on technical and legal matters in this regard. The seminar focused to a great extent on legislative issues and on challenges remaining in 28