Nordic training programme to Serbian conditions and developing a detailed curricula and training implementation plan. Through the continued implementation of this concept in 2013, the Mission planned to work towards ensuring sustainability and local ownership of the Ministry to implement prevention mechanisms in suppressing drug abuse. ****** 4.5 The OSCE Mission to Skopje Background The work of the Police Development Department (PDD) of the Mission to Skopje is based on the Mission’s original mandate 17 in policing and on the OSCE Ministerial Council and PC decisions stemming from the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA). Following a seven month conflict between the two largest ethnic groups, the OFA was signed on 13 August 2001. According to the provisions in Annex C of the Framework Agreement, and based upon various PC Decisions 18, the Mission was called to assist in a number of specific areas, which were added to the initial mandate. They included the redeployment of police to the former crisis areas. The Mission assisted in the recruitment and training of 1,000 new police cadets from non-majority communities and in ensuring the phased and co-ordinated redeployment of the national police personnel to the former crisis areas. Following completion of the above task, in 2003, the Mandate of the PDD was expanded 19 to include assistance to the Host country in reforming its police service to bring it up to international democratic policing practices. To this end, the PDD has been delivering and facilitating police training, supporting the development of a national Community Policing Programme, as well as providing expertise at policy planning level. In 2012, the PDD remained committed to these tasks, through addressing outstanding issues mainly related to Annex C, Paragraph 5.3 of the OFA. This included providing assistance in establishing a professional training system, and technical assistance to police reform as related to the implementation of the Law on Internal Affairs (LoIA) and its by-laws. In line with the OSCE’s efforts in addressing emerging transnational threats, the PDD’s focus in 2012 also encompassed the provision of training and expertise in the fields of combating organized crime and terrorism, and improving border security. 17 18 19 The original mandate called on the Mission “to monitor developments along the border with Serbia and in other areas which may suffer from spillover of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, in order to promote respect for territorial integrity and the maintenance of peace, stability and security; and to help prevent possible conflict in the region”, see: CSCE Committee of Senior Officials, Mandate. Articles of Understanding Concerning CSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje, 12 August 1992, p. 1. Cf. Council of Europe 2001, Ohrid Framework Agreement, Annex C, Article 5.2. and 5.3; and OSCE, Permanent Council Decision 457 on the Extension of the Mandate of the OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje, 21 December 2001. Further to the signing of the OFA in 2001 and responding to the provisions set forth by its Annex C Article 5.3, the Mission and the Host Government signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the specific tasks for achieving the OFA’s requests in the field of police reform, including training and other technical and expert assistance. Annex 1 of the MoU specifically provides for the Mission’s support in the form of police training delivery and promoting communityoriented policing practices. 93