On 3-4 December, the TNTD supported the organization of a “Sub-regional Workshop” on “Regulating Terrorism and Crimes in Cyberspace: Challenges and Tendencies” in Bishkek. The workshop was organized by the OSCE CiB, the Anti-Terrorism Centre of Kyrgyzstan’s State Committee of National Security (SCNS) as well as the NGO Civil Initiative on Internet Policy. 35 experts from the CIS-ATC, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), the CoE, INTERPOL, and the Shanghai Co-operation Organization shared their experiences with national experts from ministries as well as civil society. Key conclusions of the workshop included the need for additional steps to harmonize national legislation in line with international and regional instruments; further enhance national capabilities and capacities in countering cyber threats; and enhance international cooperation based on a coherent and comprehensive national strategy addressing various cyber threats. A key objective of the workshop was to kick-start longer term co-operation between the OSCE and Kyrgyzstan in this thematic area, including potential concrete capacity building assistance, legislative reviews as well as training for relevant law enforcement and the judiciary. Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism (VERLT) In 2012, the TNTD/ATU and TNTD/SPMU, jointly with ODIHR, started a guidebook project on Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism VERLT: A Community Policing Approach. The guidebook, expected to be published in 2013, aims to provide guidance, based on international experiences and in line with OSCE commitments in the field of counter-terrorism and human rights, on how to leverage community policing as part of an effective human-rights compliant, gender sensitive and multi-disciplinary approach to countering terrorism. It would be primarily directed to policy level officials and senior police professionals. In the context of this project, TNTD and ODIHR organized a round table on 26-27 January in Warsaw. A group of selected external experts discussed the conceptual parameters for the guidebook. Furthermore, an on-line forum in POLIS was established and moderated in support of the development of the guidebook. On 11-12 April, the TNTD/ATU and TNTD/SPMU, jointly with the OSCE Mission to Montenegro, organized a National Seminar on “Countering VERLT and the Use of Community Policing” in Budva. The seminar was attended by 30 police officers at senior and mid management levels. ODIHR also participated and contributed with an expert from its Human Rights and Anti-Terrorism programme. The seminar stressed the need for a multidimensional, context-based understanding of VERLT to develop and implement effective, human-rights compliant policies and measures to counter the threat. In this context, the seminar further explored how a community policing approach and police-public partnerships could contribute to terrorism prevention and counter-radicalization efforts in Montenegro. On 28-29 May, the TNTD/ATU, jointly with the OSCE CiB, and in co-operation with the national Anti-Terrorism Centre of the State Committee on National Security and the Ministry of Interior of the Kyrgyz Republic, organized a National Seminar for Kyrgyzstan on “Conceptualizing VERLT and Developing an Effective Approach to Counteracting the Threat of VERLT” in Bishkek. Some 30 participants included senior officials from the capital and provinces, from the State Committee on National Security, the Ministry of Interior, the General Prosecutor’s Office, the State Service on Execution of Punishment and the State Committee on Religious Affairs, as well as civil society representatives engaged in the fields of religion, tolerance and human rights. It was emphasized that VERLT is a complex multidimensional phenomenon and that, as a consequence, effectively countering VERLT requires a sophisticated and comprehensive response anchored in an empirical understanding of specific contexts. 35