f) Encourage periodic inter-regional staff exchanges and organise workshops to train prison officials on latest prison policies and management techniques. If this workshop is organised at national level, efforts should be made to replicate it at regional level; g) Organise a national conference involving all stake holders in the criminal justice system to discuss ways of improving the criminal justice system – the police, the prosecutors, the prison officials and the judiciary. NGOs and other members of civil society working in this sector should also be involved in the conference; h) Come up with a firm and concise strategy on how to deal with the problems of gangs in prison. Without such a policy, it will be difficult to combat this menace. Gangsterism is the cause of many problems in South African prisons including corruption, violence, sodomy, increase in HIV/AIDS, and jeopardises the educational and rehabilitation programme. The Special Rapporteur reiterates the recommendation made by the South African Human Rights Commission in 1998 that the prison authorities must develop a coherent strategy of dealing with gangs, other than the temporary isolation of their leaders; i) Immediately attend to the situation in Stanger Prison. The current situation jeopardizes the rehabilitation process and is a recipe for recidivism and violence. It provides the idle minds of the young offenders an opportunity to plan more sophisticated acts when they are released. It runs contrary to the Minister’s campaign of making prisons “universities of learning and not universities of crime”; j) Transfer or exchange prison authorities periodically. They should not stay for too long (preferably not more than five years) in one prison. They should be transferred to other prisons. Dealing with the same prisoners year-in-year-out makes them immune to their complaints and might affect their output and approach to treating prisoners. It might also lead to personal relationships developing between the authority and the prisoner that can result to corrupt practices. k) Provide arrested illegal Immigrants or undocumented migrants the opportunity to challenge their arrest and/or detentions in a court of law. They should be charged and if found guilty of breaking South African Immigration laws, be convicted and sentenced. In view of the serious problem of overcrowding, the court can issue an order that such convicted illegal immigrants be held at a designated place such as the Lindela Repartriation Centre and be repatriated within a certain period of time. The Court can also give the illegal immigrants a serious warning and make it clear that if they return to the country without utilizing proper immigration procedures, they will be rearrested and taken directly to prison. By depriving them of the opportunity to appear before the courts, the authorities are 65