Compendium of Standards, Good Practices and Recommendations Chapter 3: International Human Rights Law Introduction: Issues at Stake International human rights law emerged from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.14 Together with the UN Charter of 1945,15 the UDHR laid the foundations of modern international human rights law. The key principles of the UDHR were later developed into the legally binding obligations contained in the ICCPR and the ICESCR, both adopted in 1966.16 In addition to the above, certain treaties adopted under the auspices of the UN deal with specific human rights issues or the rights of particular categories of individuals. Thus, there are conventions which protect rights of children,17 migrant workers18 and persons with disabilities.19 There are also conventions against racial discrimination,20 discrimination against women,21 torture22 and enforced disappearance.23Today, a dense body of international and regional treaties exists, including the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR).24 The existing human rights treaties are complemented by numerous declarations, principles, guidelines and recommendations published by the United 14 UN General Assembly, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights�� (UDHR), 10 December 1948, 217 A (III) 15 UN, “Charter of the United Nations”, 26 June 1945 (entered into force 24 October 1945), 1 UNTS XVI, in particular Preamble and Arts. 1(3), 55 and 56. 16 UN General Assembly, “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights” (ICCPR), 16 December 1966 (entered into force 23 March 1976), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171; UN General Assembly, “International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” (ICESCR), 16 December 1966 (entered into force 3 January 1976), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p. 3. 17 UN General Assembly, “Convention on the Rights of the Child” (CRC), 20 November 1990 (entered into force 2 September 1990), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, p. 3. 18 UN General Assembly, “International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families”, 18 December 1990, UN, Treaty Series, vol. 2220, p. 3. 19 UN General Assembly, “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”, 13 December 2006 (entered into force 3 May 2008), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, p. 3. 20 UN General Assembly, “International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination” (ICERD), 21 December 1965 (entered into force 4 January 1969), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p. 3. 21 UN General Assembly, “Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women” (CEDAW), 18 December 1979 (entered into force 3 September 1981), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, p. 13. 22 UN General Assembly, “Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment” (CAT), 10 December 1984 (entered into force 26 June 1987), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, p. 85. 23 UN General Assembly, “International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance”, 20 December 2006 (entered into force 23 December 2010), UN, Treaty Series, vol. 2716, p. 3. 24 Council of Europe, “European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms” (ECHR), 4 November 1950, ETS No. 5 (entered into force 3 September 1953). 37