Human Rights of Armed Forces Personnel Nations System,25 the Council of Europe26 and the human dimension commitments of the OSCE.27 The International Labour Organization (ILO), a specialized agency of the UN, has also issued numerous labour standards on different aspects of employment relations, including the eight “core” ILO Conventions on forced labour,28 minimum age,29 child labour,30 equal remuneration31 and discrimination,32 collective bargaining33 and the right to associate and organize.34 According to the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up, all ILO member states “have an obligation arising from the very fact of membership in the Organization to respect, to promote and to realize, in good faith and in accordance with the Constitution” four categories of principles and rights at work, even if they have not ratified the eight ILO core conventions to which they refer:35 • freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; 38 25 See, for example: UN General Assembly, “Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners”, Resolution 70/175, 17 December 2015; UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), “Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking,” UN Doc. E/2002/68/Add.1, 20 May 2002. 26 See, for example: Council of Europe, “Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)4 of the Committee of Ministers on Human Rights of Members of Armed Forces,” 24 February 2010, https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=09000016805cf8ef. 27 OSCE Human Dimension Commitments, op. cit., note 10. 28 ILO, “Convention Concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour” (No. 29), 28 June 1930 (entered into forced on 1 May 1932); Ratified by 52 of the OSCE participating States (All but the United States, and the non-ILO member states: Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein and Monaco); see also: ILO, “Convention Concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour” (No. 105), 25 June 1957 (entered into force on 17 January 1959). Ratified by 53 of the OSCE participating States (All but Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein and Monaco, which are not member states of the ILO). 29 ILO, “Convention Concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment” (No. 138), 26 June 1973 (entered into force on 19 June 1976). Ratified by 52 of the OSCE participating States (All but the United States, and the non-ILO member states: Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein and Monaco). 30 ILO, “Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour” (No. 182), 17 June 1999 (entered into force on 19 November 2000). Ratified by 53 of the OSCE participating States (All but Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein and Monaco, which are not member states of the ILO). 31 ILO, “Equal Remuneration Convention” (No. 100), 29 June 1951 (entered into force on 23 May 1953). Ratified by 52 of the OSCE participating States (All but the United States, and the non-ILO member states: Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein and Monaco). 32 ILO, “Convention Concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation” (No. 111), 25 June 1958 (entered into force on 15 June 1960). Ratified by 52 of the OSCE participating States (All but the United States, and the non-ILO member states: Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein and Monaco). 33 ILO, “Convention Concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively” (No. 98), 1 July 1949 (entered into force on 18 July 1951). Ratified by 52 of the OSCE participating States (All but the United States, and the non-ILO member states: Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein and Monaco). 34 ILO, “Convention Concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise” (No. 87), 9 July 1948 (entered into force on 4 July 1950). Ratified by 52 of the OSCE participating States (All but the United States, and the non-ILO member states: Andorra, the Holy See, Lichtenstein, and Monaco). 35 ILO, 1998 “ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up”, 18 June 1998.