Tools of Torture and Repression in South America when fired from a shotgun, while other forms of live ammunition are designed to target an individual with lethal force. Illustrative country examples of excessive use of force with live ammunition Argentina: Officers from the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police Division of Complex Interventions were charged with aggravated attempted murder in 2014, after two press workers and an individual were injured by metal pellets fired using shotguns following an operation to remove a group of artists who were occupying a public cultural building the previous year.71 Judges compared the case to the excessive use of force against those occupying Indoamericano Park in 2010, when law enforcement officers tampered with ammunition by swapping the rubber pellets they had been issued with metal pellets.72 Peru: According to Human Rights Watch, between July 2011 and September 2014, 34 civilians were killed during protests. This figure includes four people who were reportedly killed by police officers using live ammunition in three separate incidents in 2014.73 A decision to discontinue the investigation into the July 2012 killing of four people in the Cajamarca region was heavily criticised by civil society.74 The prosecutor, who reportedly failed to consider chain of command responsibility, nevertheless concluded that army-issued Galil combat weapons had probably been used, that one of the killings had been perpetrated by a soldier firing from a helicopter and that the killings were intentional homicides, but he was unable to identify the perpetrators.75 Venezuela: Various reports point to the indiscriminate use of shotgun pellets by Venezuelan law enforcement officials against individuals participating in public protests.76 In one instance, a protester suffering a severe asthma attack triggered by a chemical irritant was shot in the leg from point-blank range with lead pellets by members of the Bolivarian National Guard.77 During the protests on 15 and 16 April 2013 in the State of Lara, Ehisler Moises Vázquez Caridad was reportedly shot in the face with metal pellets at point-blank range by a <http://www.hchr.org.co/publico/comunicados/2013/comunicados2013.php3?cod=39&cat=91> [accessed 31 May 2016]. 71 CELS, Derechos humanos en Argentina: Informe 2015, pp. 309-310; ‘#PolicíasAsesinos Tres Efectivos de La Metropolitana a Punto Del Juicio Oral | Policía Metropolitana’, Minuto Uno, 3 September 2015 <http://www.minutouno.com/notas/1288596-policiasasesinos-tres-efectivos-la-metropolitana-punto-deljuicio-oral> [accessed 31 May 2016]. 72 ‘Tres metropolitanos al borde del juicio,’ Página 12, 11 October 2014, <http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/sociedad/3-257310-2014-10-11.html> [accessed 31 May 2016]. 73 Human Rights Watch, World Report 2015, p. 430. 74 Juan Arribasplata and Nilda Rojas, ‘Familiares de víctimas de protestas contra Conga rechazan decisión de fiscal que archivó el caso’, NoticiasSer.pe, 22 January 2014, <http://www.noticiasser.pe/22/01/2014/cajamarca/familiares-de-victimas-de-protestas-contra-congarechazan-decision-de-fiscal-qu> [accessed 31 May 2016]. 75 Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos, ‘Fiscal archiva caso a pesar de aceptar que hubo homicidio,’ 23 January 2014, <http://derechoshumanos.pe/2014/01/fiscal-archiva-caso-a-pesar-de-aceptar-que-hubohomicidio/> [accessed 31 May 2016]. 76 See, for example, Human Rights Watch, Punished for Protesting: Rights Violations in Venezuela’s Streets, Detention Centers, and Justice System, May 2014, p. 8. 77 COFAVIC, Informe situación de Derechos Humanos en Venezuela en el contexto post electoral de abril de 2013, 17 June 2013, p. 13. 21