X the risk from transmissible diseases in prison and how to avoid it, X screening examinations for tuberculosis, HIV and hepatitis B/C infections, X any special treatment and health‑promotion programmes provided in the prison. This information should be provided in a way that the prisoner can fully under‑ stand. Important consideration should be given to learning disabilities and illiteracy, which often prevail within the prison population, and to language barriers. Graphically well‑designed leafets and their translation into relevant languages will give extra support. During the medical examination on admission, the doctor or nurse should introduce her/himself to the new prisoner, including her/his name and position, and should try to create an atmosphere of respect, confdence, privacy and dignity. The medical examination on admission, like any frst medical exam‑ ination in the community, should consist of a thorough medical history and physical examination. In order to be able to take immediate action following medical examinations on admission in prison, particular attention should be paid to the following requirements: X signs of severe mental disorders, X suicidal risk factors, X history and signs of alcohol or drug dependency and withdrawal symptoms, X records and/or signs of violence and ill‑treatment, X contagious diseases, X mental or physical disabilities leading to a state of particular vulnerability in prison. Patients sufering from acute psychosis or major depression need immediate treatment in a psychiatric facility. Likewise, prisoners at risk of suicide need immediate medical support and should be kept under special observation.20 Neglecting to identify such prisoner patients and/or to take appropriate measures have been criticised in CPT country visit reports.21 In such cases the European Court of Human Rights found violations of Article 2 (right to life) 20. CPT Standards 2002 (rev. 2011); CM: The ethical and organisational aspects of health care in prison. Recommendation R (1998) 7. 21. CPT/Inf (2006)3; (2006)24; (2012)11. Prison health care and medical ethics Page 16