INTRODUCTION 2 in Lithuania and ensures the protection of the rights of persons with mental health disabilities. The law also establishes procedures for the involuntary hospitalization of persons with mental health disabilities and sets out the criteria for such hospitalization. Fundamental rights and guarantees in criminal proceedings are defined and guaranteed by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania3 and the Code of Criminal Procedure.4 Despite these legal frameworks, the situation of defendants and detainees with intellectual and/or psychosocial disabilities in Lithuania is a matter of concern, as they often face significant challenges in accessing justice and receiving appropriate care and support. One of the main issues is the lack of access to legal assistance and support. Many defendants and detainees with intellectual and/or psychosocial disabilities are unable to understand legal proceedings or communicate effectively with their lawyers or other participants in the proceedings. There are also concerns about the treatment of detainees with disabilities in detention facilities. Reports suggest that persons with disabilities are often subjected to violence and abuse in detention facilities, and may not receive appropriate medical care or support. In addition, there is a lack of community-based services and support for persons with intellectual and/or psychosocial disabilities who come into contact with the criminal justice system. This can lead to a cycle of reoffending and institutionalization, as 3 The Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, 2000, No. VIII-1968. Available at: https://bit.ly/40gCcvw. 4 The Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania, 2002, No. IX-785. Available at: https://bit.ly/3tMjRdy.