protection systems that take into account the risks for their family members and in determining concrete protection measures to mitigate such risks when required. 21. States should designate sufficient funds in their regular budget for the physical and psychological protection of human rights defenders at risk, emergency relief and other support services. They should also actively support non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that provide such services. If required, participating States should seek funds through international co-operation for this purpose. 22. Such measures should be accompanied by training and awareness-raising pro- grammes targeted at relevant professional groups, as well as broader human rights education, in order to shape attitudes and behaviours and raise the profile of human rights defenders in society, and thereby increase their protection. B. Protection from judicial harassment, criminalization, arbitrary arrest and detention 23. Human rights defenders must not be subjected to judicial harassment by unwar- ranted legal and administrative proceedings or any other forms of misuse of administrative and judicial authority, or to criminalization, arbitrary arrest and detention, as well as other sanctions for acts related to their human rights work. They must have access to effective remedies to challenge the lawfulness of detention or any other sanctions imposed on them. Criminalization and arbitrary and abusive application of legislation 24. States should review the domestic legal framework relevant to human rights defenders and their activities for its compliance with international human rights standards. They should broadly and effectively consult with human rights defenders and seek international assistance in doing so. Any legal provisions that directly or indirectly lead to the criminalization of activities that are protected by international standards should be immediately amended or repealed. 25. Legal provisions with vague and ambiguous definitions, which lend themselves to broad interpretation and are or could be abused to prosecute human rights defenders for their work, should be amended or repealed. Full due process protections, in line with international fair trial standards, must be ensured. 26. Laws, administrative procedures and regulations must not be used to intimi- date, harass, persecute or retaliate against human rights defenders. Sanctions for administrative or minor offences must always be proportionate and must be subject to the possibility of appeal to a competent and independent court or tribunal. 27. States should take steps, where required, to strengthen the independence of the judiciary and prosecution authorities, as well as the proper functioning of law enforcement bodies, to ensure that human rights defenders are not subjected to Guidelines on the Protection of Human Rights Defenders 5