financially assessed, for example, for physical or mental harm, material damage and costs required for legal or expert assistance or other services. Rehabilitation should include appropriate medical, psychological legal and social services. Satisfaction may include a variety of measures depending on the circumstances of the case, such as the following: effective steps to end continuing violations; public disclosure of the truth; an official declaration or a judicial decision that restores the dignity, reputation and rights of the victim, their family members or other persons close to the victim; and a public apology and appropriate sanctions against the perpetrators. Finally, guarantees of non-repetition should include effective preventive measures.121 Protection policies, programmes and mechanisms 84. The UNGA has repeatedly called on all states “to take all measures necessary to ensure the protection of human rights defenders, at both the local and national levels”.122 All such measures should be firmly embedded in a consistent framework aimed at creating and consolidating a safe and enabling environment for human rights work in order to tackle the root causes of the serious risks and challenges that human rights defenders face. An acknowledgment by state officials at the highest level, as well as by relevant national and local authorities, of the status and role of human rights defenders and the legitimacy of their work, including through public statements and prompt condemnation of any attacks, threats and other abuses as they occur, is a first step towards improved protection and prevention.123 85. In the OSCE region as elsewhere, in the absence of tailored programmes for the provision of protection measures for human rights defenders at risk, responses to imminent security threats are reportedly often slow and ineffective. A lack of co-ordination and lengthy bureaucratic procedures in providing protection measures are frequently compounded by a failure of state officials to treat security concerns of human rights defenders seriously and an unwillingness to investigate threats and abuses. Insufficient understanding of the problems facing human rights defenders and of the obligation of states to protect them is often coupled with a lack of recognition of the importance of their work and of material resources to provide protection more generally. Consequently, human rights defenders who are at imminent risk are too often left without adequate assistance, including physical and psychological protection, assistance in relocating to safe places or other necessary support. 121  See “Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law”, adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of 16 December 2005, para. 20-24. 122  See UNGA Resolution A/RES/ 64/164, para. 4, and also earlier General Assembly resolutions on human rights defenders. For further details on the protection of human rights defenders in third countries, see also the Framework for Implementation section below. 123  See the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, A/HRC/13/22 para. 114. Guidelines on the Protection of Human Rights Defenders 51