Restraints 1.6 BAR FETTERS Key Technical Features A rigid, typically metal, bar connecting two lockable rings or cuffs. Rigid bars significantly restrict movement whilst increasing the risk of ankle injury or falls. Human Rights Concerns Prolonged use of these cuffs can lead to lacerations, which can lead to blood poisoning and other long-term physical impairments. Their use can help facilitate torture or other ill-treatment (especially stress positions). This equipment is inherently degrading and use fulfils no legitimate law enforcement purpose that cannot be achieved through less harmful means. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies Special Rapporteur on Torture: Restraints which have a fixed, rigid bar between cuffs have been described as inherently inhuman and degrading. 42 UNODC and OHCHR “There should be an absolute prohibition on … fetters”. 43 Nelson Mandela Rules: “The use of ... instruments of restraint which are inherently degrading or painful shall be prohibited.” 44 Examples of Existing Controls The EU Anti-Torture Regulation prohibits the trade of this equipment. The US CCL controls the export of this equipment. Manufacture should be prohibited. Proposed Control Transfer should be prohibited. Use should be prohibited. UN Commission on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, including the question of torture and detention: Study on the situation of trade in and production of equipment which is specifically designed to inflict torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, its origin, destination and forms, 13 January 2003, 42 E/CN.4/2003/69, para 9. 43 UNODC and OHCHR, Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017, p. 84. 44 Nelson Mandela Rules, 2016, Rule 47. 21