Restraints 1.8 GANG CHAINS Key Technical Features Human Rights Concerns Multiple pairs of leg cuffs, handcuffs, belly chains (chain secured around the waist), or a combination of these, attached to the same chain (often made of metal), allowing for several people to be restrained together. The use of gang chains restricts movement, which increases the risk of falls and resulting injuries if those restrained are unable to break their fall. A falling individual can be hazardous for the rest of the group chained together. Prolonged use of these cuffs can lead to lacerations, which can then cause blood poisoning and other long-term physical impairments. The practice of chaining groups of prisoners together is inherently degrading. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies Examples of Existing Controls Nelson Mandela Rules: “The use of ... instruments of restraint which are inherently degrading or painful shall be prohibited.” 48 The EU Anti-Torture Regulation controls the export of this equipment and allows Member States to individually prohibit the trade. The US CCL controls the export of this equipment. Manufacture should be prohibited. Proposed Control Transfer should be prohibited. Use should be prohibited. 48 Nelson Mandela Rules, 2016, Rule 47. 25