-50 3.1. The approaches of the national preventive mechanisms A number of European NPMs have addressed in their reports the problems of the prisoners in a situation of vulnerability in different detention settings, including prisons. The review of the NPM reports shows that their focus on vulnerability goes hand in hand with their experience and general capacity to monitor places for deprivation of liberty. Those that operate in member states that have stronger traditions of detention monitoring through independent visitors and have acquired more experience in monitoring, tend to pay more attention to the situation of vulnerable groups. The review also indicates that very few of the NPMs (Luxemburg being a positive exception) have focused on all vulnerable groups found in the places of detention, which they visit. Those of the NPMs that have dealt with the issue most often focused on those groups that are frequently identified as vulnerable in international standards - women, juvenile prisoners, prisoners with disabilities, and foreign prisoners. The review also shows that in some cases the NPMs successfully identify vulnerability with a view of the specific contexts of the places of detention in their own countries. They manage to formulate concepts that sometimes combine several specific vulnerabilities. In 2016, the Czech Public Defender of Rights in her general report for 2016 determined “permanently unemployed prisoners” as defined by the Czech law as vulnerable. These includes those who have reached the age of 65 unless they apply for a job, those who are recognized as disabled unless they apply for a job and are able to work, or those for whom permanent employment is impossible due to their state of health. This category therefore may include prisoners with reduced mobility, but also persons with mental illness or healthy old prisoners. Their specific vulnerability in the prison is due to the fact that “they are at the centre of a number of shortcomings I found, specifically in the area of material conditions of imprisonment and conditions for personal hygiene, the activities of the “carers” on the part of other convicts, the availability of rehabilitation care and provision of the necessary medical aids”. (Public Defender