46 8.1.1. The central premises and the Nagykanizsa Unit of the Debrecen Reformatory of the Ministry of Human Capacities153 Juvenile correctional institutions perform certain law enforcement tasks, provide full-scale care, education, training, and work opportunities to minors taken in pretrial detention or ordered to correctional education by the court, within the frameworks of the child protection system. Juveniles between the ages of 14 and 21 who have committed or are being suspected of a crime may be educated in a reformatory.154 In the case of some particularly serious crimes, children over 12 years of age can also be punished, provided that, at the time the offense was committed, they were able to understand the consequences of their acts. The aim of correctional education is to eliminate socialization deficiencies potentially leading to the perpetration of a crime and to facilitate successful integration into society. For the aforementioned reasons, in order to allow provisionally freed juveniles to apply for aftercare, I requested the Minister of Justice to consider the amendment of Section 384, Subsection (1) of Act CCXL of 2013 on the execution of punishments, criminal measures, certain coercive measures and confinement for administrative offences (hereinafter the “Prison Code”). The selection of these locations was motivated by the opening of the Nagykanizsa Unit in late 2015, as a result of which the total capacity of the Hungarian reformatory system had increased by 25 percent. The Nagykanizsa unit is the sole reformatory in Western Hungary. The material conditions of placement in Nagykanizsa were excellent. In Debrecen, the sanitary unit was in need of renovation. The personal items of the detainees could not be seen at either location; the absence of such items was even more apparent in Nagykanizsa due to the bleak decoration. Impersonality was augmented by the prohibition to wear one’s own clothing. Reformatory, Nagykanizsa Unit Both locations can provide accommodation for boys sentenced to correctional education and taken in pretrial detention. At the times of the visits, there were 48 juveniles in Nagykanizsa and 117 in Debrecen, which means utilization rates of 44.4% and 83.57%, respectively. In Debrecen 114, in Nagykanizsa 79 professional staff members had direct access to the juveniles. Staff positions were filled at 98% in both institutions. The visiting delegation interviewed altogether 133 persons at the two locations, including 90 juveniles. Due to the age and co-offender separation rules, only 60% of the newly arrived juveniles could be placed in reception groups. The Professional Program and the practices of the reformatory interpret the provisions on separation by age more restrictively than the prevailing legal regulation. I suggested that the Head of the Reformatory should work out the rules of procedure to support the integration of Report № AJB-493/2018 Pursuant to Section 105, Subsection (1) of Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code, „juvenile offender shall mean any person between the age of twelve and eighteen years at the time of committing a criminal offense.” However, pursuant to Section 82(1) of the Prison Code, “juvenile offender shall also mean a convict older than eighteen but younger than 21 years of age in juvenile confinement.” 153 154