to the following activities:  Preventing patients from leaving the ward,  Returning patients to the ward,  Searching patients and/or their personal valuables,  Assisting in more serious restriction measures requiring close body contact,  Restraint of patients and supervision of patients,  Supervision during administration of medication and  Assistance in other care procedures (escorting patients to the toilet, shower, etc.). Federal legislators have made appropriate provisions that psychiatric patients may only be cared for by persons who have received training for this very demanding work in accordance with statutory requirements. A job description for psychiatric caregivers has been established and strict training requirements have been stipulated. The special training for psychiatric health and nursing care takes one year and comprises 1,600 hours of theoretical and practical training. Apart from the fact that the Health Care and Nursing Act explicitly stipulates that health care professions are not subject to the Austrian Industrial Code (Gewerbeordnung), under Section 129 (1) of the Austrian Industrial Code, there is not even approximately equivalent qualification for the private security industry that is regulated by law and that refers to the needs of patients in medical institutions and facilities. Discussions by Commission 2 in a hospital in Upper Austria revealed that the training for security personnel about methods of restraint offered by the hospital itself was extremely inadequate. This was showcased by the example of a security employee, who stated to the commission that he had only received a one-time two-day briefing and considered himself competent to intervene in acute situations only based on his training as a guard in the Austrian Army, which had taken place decades ago. Care only by staff with training in health care occupations After dealing with the topic in detail, the Human Rights Advisory Council found in April 2014 that, against the backdrop of the occupational law for health care professions and specifically the right of patients to respectful and considerate treatment and care, only staff that has received medical and/or nursing training may be used for nursing and care measures. Therefore, in Austria, the use of private security companies’ services within the scope of treatment of patients, specifically, but not exclusively patients in psychiatric wards, has no legal basis whatsoever. Recommendation by the Human Rights Advisory Council 45