Hospitals and psychiatric institutions staffing of two night shifts in the nursing area. Two qualified nurses or only one qualified nurse and a nursing assistant are on the night shift in the 2nd neurological department of St. Pölten University Clinic. The preparation of the medication and infusions can, however, only be performed by qualified staff. The qualified nurses want to avoid night shifts with just one nursing assistant, which can cause disagreement among the staff. The NPM therefore recommended that two qualified nurses should work consistently on the night shift. Staff under considerable pressure A chronic lack of staff was observed on a monitoring visit to ward B3 at Favoriten Hospital, formerly known as Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital. The increased workload resulted in resignations. Three positions were not filled in the medical area; a 20-hour position was vacant in the nursing area. Favoriten Hospital New employees were not properly trained due to the lack of time. The pressure to perform was clearly perceivable in the conversations with those affected. The tense staffing situation among the medical personnel meant that restraints were followed up by the employees in meetings but were not always discussed with the patients. The City of Vienna informed the NPM that the personnel situation was improved by filling a vacant medical specialist position. A candidate was found for another position; the part-time position in the nursing area was filled. For medical specialists, trainee doctors and psychologists, on-the-job supervision was introduced as an integral component in the department organisation. Furthermore, a shift from department exams to an informal, objective, factual exchange of information is being promoted. Improvement in working conditions Repeated monitoring of a private clinic in Styria indicated an above-average turnover of the therapeutic and medical staff. A gradual overload of the remaining staff was evident due to the understaffing. In the opinion of the NPM, the patients thus received too few therapies and treatments. High personnel turnover in private clinic The interim report from an investigation by the regulatory authorities in July 2020 (and as a reaction to the observations by the NPM), involving a courtappointed expert from the field of psychiatry, showed an imperative need for more medical specialists from July 2021 in order to guarantee the continued operation of the clinic. In addition – in line with the observations by the NPM – it was noted that at least two clinical psychologists have to be hired to ensure adequate care of the patient groups in the clinic (some of whom are suffering from medium and severe depression). More staff required to keep the clinic running 60