CONTENTS iii Table 4.2. Exporters of law-enforcement equipment to the Caucasus and Central Asia, 2001–present Table 4.3. International companies manufacturing, exporting and marketing law-enforcement equipment in the Caucasus and Central Asia 37 38 5. External training and equipment contributions 40 6. Case studies I. The use of crowd-control technologies in Armenia II. The use of Western law-enforcement technologies in Georgia, and the new Georgian law on imprisonment III. A regional hub for the trade in law-enforcement equipment in Kazakhstan Box 6.1 Article 31 of the Armenian Law on Police (Annex) Figure 6.1. Equipment on display at the opening of a new police force administrative building in Yerevan on 21 June 2014. 43 43 46 7. Conclusions and recommendations I. Conclusions II. Recommendations 51 51 52 49 45 47