46 LAW-ENFORCEMENT EQUIPMENT IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE SOUTH CAUCASUS vehicle movement, water canons and armored vehicles, special painting substances Situation: Stopping a vehicle when the driver thereof obviously does not obey the demand of the police officer to stop the vehicle Applicable special means: Means for compulsory stopping (blocking) people and vehicle movement Situation: Discovering the criminals committing or having committed an offence Applicable special means: Special painting substances, sniff dogs [sic] demonstration of police equipment in Armenia (see figure 6.1).117 Given the concerns around the use of electric-shock devices by security personnel, the authorities should clarify exactly what types of device are deployed and what assessment process was undertaken prior to their (and any other lawenforcement devices’) deployment. While it is unclear exactly what electric-shock devices are deployed with Armenian personnel, an analysis of equipment on display at a public-order exercise held on 15 September 2014 shows other devices in use that can be identified. Of particular interest are Chinese-manufactured riot-control vehicles and a range of devices visually similar to those manufactured by Russian suppliers, including a range of riot-control ammunition.118 It is also possible to make out the manufacturer’s details on at least one vehicle which is manufactured by the Guangzhou Jieli Special Vehicle Equipment Co. Ltd/Guangdong Zengcheng Zhongjing Yangcheng Light Special Vehicle Co. Ltd. Similar vehicles are seen deployed during a 2013 training exercise alongside Russian-manufactured riot-control equipment.119 In light of the increasing number of systems available, and given the concerns around the use of the KS-23 shotgun and the Cheremukha-7 systems, more clarity is needed from the Armenian authorities about what systems are deployed and how such systems are evaluated. II. The use of Western law-enforcement technologies in Georgia, and the new Georgian law on imprisonment The implications of the deployment of law-enforcement technologies for a state are shown by the situation in Georgia, where the use of less-lethal weapons, in particular riot-control ammunition, has historical significance. On 9 April 1989, in what became known as the ‘April 9 Tragedy’, an anti-Soviet demonstration in Tbilisi was violently dispersed by Soviet troops resulting in 117 See <http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?155169-The-Armed-Forces-ofArmenia-Official-Thread/page299&s=e13a14e9611a0b6ba791c045301fc915>. 118 Armenian Police, ‘The final stage of the command-staff exercises on “the use of special composite detachment during operations to prevent and suppress mass riots” held on the territory of “Arzni” Airport (video and photos)’, 15 Sep. 2014, <http://www.police.am/en/news/view/arzni1391422.html>. 119 Armenian Police (note 118); and Armenian Police, YouTube, 14 Sep. 2014, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=1t6V_342dak#t=413>.