(o) Use repetition. People forget. Use repetition. People forget. the most intensive degree of learning. The purpose is to improve knowledge, skills and attitudes. (p) Like it or not, appearance counts. A trainer must project a professional image. Obviously, it is not appropriate for the trainer to present in a t-shirt, while the audience is in uniform. As a rule of thumb, the dress standard of the trainer should not fall below the standard of the audience, and should respect cultural and social rules of the target audience. 14. Adapting courses for use in challenging field conditions The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has conducted courses and workshops under widely varying field conditions. Training has been carried out in countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and Europe. Available facilities have varied in terms of physical conditions, infrastructure and technology, so that while one course may have been conducted in a state-of-the-art, climate-controlled and electronically equipped modern conference centre, another may have been set on the roof of a supply building and yet another in an open field. (q) Prepare in advance. Follow these basic steps in preparing your session: ● ● ● ● Refer to the session outline in this Guide and to the corresponding chapter in the Manual; Note the time available for the session; Draft your speaking points (introduction, body, conclusion, summation of major points); ● Select the exercise and questions to be used; ● Select the visual aids (hand-outs, OHTs, etc.); ● Persons organizing training based on the approach set out in this Guide must therefore take into account the setting in which the training will be offered when selecting appropriate methodology and materials, determining numbers of trainees and drafting programmes. For example, the duration of sessions will be affected by temperature and weather in the case of outdoor courses or courses for which fans, heaters or other appropriate climate control devices are not available. Where temperature is a factor, the hours of courses will also be affected. Similarly, flip charts and hand-outs must be used where electric facilities are not available for overhead transparency or slide projection. Prioritize the subject matter – be sure to cover the most important (“must know”) points; Practise the session, keeping time, until you can deliver it naturally and confidently, and within the time limitations. 13. Some key terminology If interpretation is to be employed, lack of facilities for simultaneous interpretation will require the use of consecutive interpretation, which in turn will cut the available time for course sessions in half. A lack of desks or tables will mean that more printed materials will be required for distribution, as note-taking may be impractical. Finally, if you are forced to hold training sessions in the workplace of the target audience owing to a lack of alternative facilities, organizers should plan for additional time, as conflicting duties will almost invariably be imposed on some of the participants. Briefing: A brief, cursory, and introductory overview of a single topic. The purpose is to introduce the audience to some basic concepts relating to a given subject. Seminar: An organized exchange of views, ideas and knowledge on a particular topic or set of related topics. The purpose is to bring together various persons, usually (relatively) equal in terms of expertise, each of whom is to contribute to an examination of the subject from his or her own professional, ideological, academic or official position. These are only a few of the eventualities to be taken into consideration during the planning of courses in the field. Courses will rarely be conducted in ideal training conditions, and it is the duty of the course organizers to plan in advance for all factors with a potential impact on the objectives of the course. Course organizers already in the field will have an advantage in this regard, as they will be able to visit potential training sites in order to select the most appropriate. Where this is not possible, advance contact with people in the field is imperative, and this should continue throughout the planning process. In sum, effective planning requires answers not only to questions such as “Who is the audience?” and “What are their training needs?” but also “When is the rainy season?” “What is the security situation?” and, unavoidably, “Where are the toilets?” Workshop: A training exercise whereby participants work together to study a particular subject, and in the process create some “product” such as a declaration, joint paper, plan of action, set of rules, written policy, code of conduct, etc. The purpose is thus twofold, including both learning and development of the “product”. Training course: An organized training exercise, designed to allow “trainers” to impart knowledge and skills and to impact on the attitudes of “trainees” or “participants”. These may either be interactive (as in the Office approach described above), follow a “professor-student” lecture model or be a combination of both. In each case, training courses represent 11