USE OF FIREARMS Analysis of circumstances Were the circumstances extreme enough to justify the use of firearms? Were firearms used only: in self-defence or in defence of others against imminent threat of death or serious injury; or to prevent a particularly serious crime involving a grave threat to life; or to arrest or prevent the escape of a person posing such a threat and who was resisting efforts to stop the threat; and where less extreme measures were insufficient? If the intentional lethal use of force and firearms was employed, was this strictly unavoidable in order to protect human life? OHCHR Police Trainer’s Guide Session 8 (Use of Force)/9 108