DRAFT CEDAW General recommendation on Trafficking in Women and Girls in the Context of Global Migration 63. Adequately resource and strengthen the capacity and mandate of labour inspectors to proactively and systematically recognize and report breaches of labour laws and presumed cases of trafficking in women and girls uncovered during inspections, including of migrant workers’ workplaces and accommodation, agricultural farms, seasonal and informal workplaces, including private households.168 64. Recognizing that migration is an inherently global phenomenon, the Committee recommends that, in designing measures to combat trafficking, international cooperation and development policies at the multilateral, bilateral and regional levels take into account the root causes of real migration patterns of low-income women who often undertake risky migration for work in exploitative informal employment. 65. States parties are encouraged to participate in regional processes and sign bilateral agreements with destination countries for employment to:169 a) Ensure coordination between States parties to address the nexus between human trafficking and international labor migration; b) Strengthen cross-border cooperation to regulate working conditions in compliance with international labour standards which ensure the protection and promotion of the rights of women migrant workers;170 c) Establish mechanisms in the country of destination to deal with the violation of the rights of women migrant workers during employment, in particular to report abuse and claim unpaid wages and benefits;171 d) Ensure that diplomatic missions and labor and economic attaches as well as consular officials are equipped with adequate human and financial resources, and training, to deal with cases of trafficking of migrant women workers. V. a. Victim identification, assistance and protection Victim identification 66. A challenge in identifying female victims of trafficking is the lack of gender-sensitivity of relevant professionals, including front-line professionals, that is needed to adequately understand, identify and respond to incidences of trafficking in women and girls172, particularly as victims are often hidden in non-public areas such as private residences, isolated factories and farms, and brothels and private apartments used for commercial sexual exploitation. The victims, themselves, may lack awareness that they are subject to a criminal act, may not know where to report the crime or may be reluctant to engage with law enforcement and other state agents due to uncertainty about legal processes or for fear of being placed in detention and deported, particularly in the case of people with an irregular immigration status. Their experience of trauma may also impede their ability to seek help. Victims may choose not to disclose their traffickers for fear of retaliation against them, their children or other members of their families. 168 para. 44, CEDAW/C/JOR/CO/5; para. 31(e), CEDAW/C/SAU/CO/3-4; para. 44(a-f), CEDAW/C/ARE/CO/2-3; para. 40(b), CEDAW/C/ITA/CO/7; para. 31, CEDAW/C/ROU/CO/7-8; para. 24(f), CEDAW/C/MUS/CO/8. 169 para. 9, CEDAW/C/2009/WP.1/R; √37, CEDAW/C/CRI/CO/5-6; para. 38(a), CEDAW/C/PHL/CO/7-8; para. R, CEDAW/C/LAO/CO/7. 170 para. 43(b), CEDAW/C/GTM/CO/8-9; para. 34(e), CEDAW/C/NPL/CO/4-5; para. 44(b), CEDAW/C/IDN/CO/6-7. 171 para. 34(e), CEDAW/C/NPL/CO/4-5; para. 44(b), CEDAW/C/IDN/CO/6-7; para. 43, CEDAW/C/LKA/CO/7. 172 General recommendation No. 31 (2014) (CEDAW/C/GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18), para. 70. 21