CAT/OP/GBR/ROSP/1 2018, a total of 27 per cent of the prison population identified as an ethnic minority, compared with 13 per cent of the general population in the United Kingdom;40 (d) The proportion of the youth custody population from Black, Asian and minority ethnic groups doubled form the period 2005–2006 to the period 2017–2018, while the number of children in custody decreased overall.41 66. The Subcommittee recommends that the State party take urgent measures to tackle the causes of racial disproportionality in the criminal justice system and ensure the protection of minority ethnic groups from torture and ill-treatment. The Subcommittee further recommends that the State party take necessary steps to: (a) Ensure that the use of detention does not discriminate against certain groups of people and that arrests, stops and searches are not based on appearance, colour or membership of national and ethnic groups; (b) minorities; Tackle the disproportionate use of restraint on individuals from ethnic (c) Implement programmes for persons from ethnic minority backgrounds in prisons that are aimed at supporting reintegration, producing tangible outcomes and preventing recidivism; (d) Reduce the overrepresentation of children from ethnic minorities in youth custody, including through the adoption of alternatives to detention; (e) Intensify the training and awareness-raising of prosecutors, judges, lawyers and police officers in the criminal justice system. C. Health care in places of deprivation of liberty 1. Medical safeguards 67. The delegation is concerned that compliance with medical screening and physical examination, which are required by the Nelson Mandela Rules as a fundamental safeguard against torture, is lacking. Detainees are only examined on referral by the officer in charge or upon the request of detainees themselves. 68. In addition, poor documentation of injuries was observed, as health-care staff did not recognize an ethical responsibility to report their findings other than to submit them to their superiors. No follow-up was done with regard to the information submitted, even when further investigation was necessary. 69. The delegation is also concerned about the inadequate forensic training of medical staff, as none of the personnel interviewed was aware of the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol) or the Nelson Mandela Rules. 70. Accuracy of data records varied among the different places visited. The delegation noted the recurrent absence of inputs in the prisoner record forms regarding important information related to risk assessment. For example, the delegation encountered an undocumented case of a mentally ill detainee, with multiple head injuries allegedly sustained at the hands of prison guards. 71. The Subcommittee recommends that the State party integrate the Nelson Mandela Rules and the Istanbul Protocol into the training curriculum, including in continuous training activities for police and health-care professionals. Medical personnel must be able to examine alleged victims of torture and ill-treatment, and to detect and report such cases in line with the provisions of the Istanbul Protocol. 40 41 Georgina Sturge, “UK prison population statistics”, briefing paper No. CBP-04334, 3 July 2020. United Kingdom, Home Office, Young People in Custody (Ethnicity Facts and Figures), 2019. 13