committees were created separately under their respective treaties, they have been free to develop their own procedures and practices and, although there are broad similarities in the way in which they function, the considerable variations have sometimes led to confusion and lack of coherence. The treaty bodies have sought to become more effective by streamlining and harmonizing their working methods and practices for many years, including through the inter-committee meetings. At the same time, it is recognized that some variations in practice are justified, or even required in strict accordance with the relevant treaty. The role of the human rights treaty system in strengthening national human rights protection systems The human rights treaties are legal instruments that set international standards for promoting and protecting human rights worldwide. By ratifying the treaties, States subscribe to these standards and commit themselves to implementing the rights at the national level. The treaty bodies encourage and support States in this effort. Such an approach may seem focused on the international level; yet, clearly, it is at the national level that the promotion and protection of human rights matter most so that they may be enjoyed by all men, women and children in each country. The treaty bodies have an important role in supporting efforts to strengthen the protection of human rights at the national level. Firstly, reporting to the treaty bodies is itself an important part of the development of a national human rights protection system. Secondly, the output of the treaty bodies (including the mandate of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture on the ground) provides States with practical advice and assistance on how best to implement the treaties. Importance of the reporting process at the national level Efforts to encourage States to take a holistic approach to reporting by looking at the complete range of obligations to which they have subscribed are not aimed solely at making it easier for States. Although the reports are required by an international body, the process to produce them is very important nationally. In meeting their reporting obligations under the treaties, States engage in a process of self-assessment to gauge the extent to which they effectively protect human rights. Gathering information on national implementation helps States plan and put in place human rights-based programmes. Many States are engaged in parallel processes of treaty reporting, formulating a national human rights action plan and implementing national development plans. Linking these processes can ensure that human rights are at the 41