of work include: acting on human rights concerns either in individual cases or on more general issues through direct communications with Governments; undertaking fact-finding missions to countries and issuing reports with recommendations; preparing thematic studies that provide information on the situation, clarify relevant norms and standards and provide guidance on their implementation; and raising public awareness through a variety of promotional activities on issues within their mandates. As a Charter-based mechanism of protection of human rights, special procedures unlike the treaty bodies can be activated even if a State has not ratified any relevant instrument or treaty, and it is not necessary to have exhausted domestic remedies to access the special procedures. Special procedures and treaty bodies complement each other. They regularly share information and follow up on their respective recommendations: concerns raised by special procedures are taken into account by the treaty bodies and vice versa. They may also issue joint statements on key issues of international concern, and they sometimes hold joint meetings to discuss ways of improving and coordinating their work. E. More information about the United Nations human rights treaty system For more information about the treaties and the treaty bodies, visit the OHCHR website and click on “human rights bodies”. The site contains information on the State reporting process, including the reporting status by country. Treaty body documents, including State party reports and concluding observations, can be downloaded from the site. OHCHR has published the following relevant fact sheets: Combating Torture (No. 4); Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (No. 6/Rev.3); Complaint Procedures (No. 7); The Rights of the Child (No. 10); The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (No. 12); Civil and Political Rights: The Human Rights Committee (No. 15); The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (No. 16); The Committee against Torture (No. 17); Discrimination against Women: The Convention and the Committee (No. 22); and 45