the United Nations Secretariat, who manage the agenda of the committee and coordinate its programme of work. The secretariats of all treaty bodies are based in Geneva at OHCHR. Specialized agencies, funds and programmes The various specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system that carry out much of the work of the United Nations, including promoting and protecting human rights. All treaty bodies permit United Nations agencies to provide additional country information in the context of the consideration of a particular State report. Some specialized agencies also provide technical assistance to States, both in the implementation of treaty obligations and in the writing of reports for the treaty bodies. Some of the United Nations specialized agencies, funds and programmes involved in the human rights treaty system are: the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Labour Organization, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, and the World Health Organization. United Nations country teams also participate increasingly in the work of human rights treaty bodies. State party report The report that each State party to a human rights treaty is required, under the provisions of that treaty, to submit regularly to the treaty body, indicating the measures it has adopted to implement the treaty and the difficulties it has encountered. All treaties require a comprehensive initial report within a fixed time after ratification and, with the exception of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, also subsequent periodic reports at regular intervals. Targeted or focused report See “treaty-specific report”. Treaty, convention, covenant or instrument Legally, there is no difference between a treaty, a convention or a covenant. All are international legal instruments which, in international law, legally 56