51 Chapter iii Right to a Hearing by a Competent, Independent and Impartial Tribunal Established by Law Article 14(1) of the ICCPR “(1) …In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law...” Article 6(1) of the ECHR “(1) In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law...” OSCE Commitments (19) The participating States (19.1) – will respect the internationally recognized standards that relate to the independence of judges and legal practitioners and the impartial operation of the public judicial service including, inter alia, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; (19.2) – will, in implementing the relevant standards and commitments, ensure that the independence of the judiciary is guaranteed and enshrined in the constitution or the law of the country and is respected in practice, paying particular attention to the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary … *** (20) For the promotion of the independence of the judiciary, the participating States will (20.1) – recognize the important function national and international associations of judges and lawyers can perform in strengthening respect for the independence of their members