Finally, she refers to cases "of sexual and psychological abuse, the use of solitary confinement and restraint, the practice of "packing" (or wrapping in cold towels) of autistic patients and threats of sectioning made by nursing staff." A form of blackmail consisting of imposing unjustified restrictions within a care programme, or face being hospitalised, has also been condemned. Management of radicalised prisoners The CGLPL was consulted as part of a project led by the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) on the management of prisoners in contexts of violent extremism or radicalisation leading to terrorism. Invited as an expert, the CGLPL was able to share its experience on managing such people in the French context. A series of expert meetings is due to culminate in a publication providing guidance for the supervision of measures taken to manage these prisoners. Training and awareness measures At bilateral level, the CGLPL has underscored its involvement in supporting and training several counterparts, national mechanisms for preventing torture. Five inspectors, including the President, from the Tunisian NPM, the President of the Senegalese NPM, and one inspector from the Romanian NPM were thus able to take part in missions in French penal institutions with a view to observing and discussing the CGLPL's supervisory method. Various training measures could also be conducted, including participation in a training scheme of the Moroccan National Human Rights Council, within which the NPM is shortly set to be established. Thanks to this training, organised by the Council of Europe, a methodological guide to inspecting penal institutions could be drawn up. The CGLPL also took part in a training measure on the inspection of mental health institutions, given to the Tunisian NPM, and organised by the Council of Europe. The CGLPL contributed to the training of physicians across various French-speaking countries in health issues in penal institutions, organised by the International Committee of the Red Cross and Bioforce Institute. With the Association for the Prevention of Torture, the CGLPL trained the members of the Mauritanian NPM in inspections of police stations. Theory and practice were combined in this training, with the organisation of two visits to police stations in Nouakchott. Lastly, the CGLPL was asked to share its experience during a forum on prisons, organised by the French Embassy in Moscow, bringing together representatives of the prison administration, regional prison inspection committees and human rights defence associations. Representatives of the International Prisons Watchdog (OIP), European Prison Litigation Network and Emmaüs France also attended. The aim was to discuss institutional supervision of prisons and its complementarity with the supervision operated by civil society. Regional meetings At European level, the CGLPL took part in various meetings organised by the Council of Europe in partnership with the European Commission. These meetings were aimed at coordinating a European network of NPMs, and at enabling them to share viewpoints about different topics. The role that national preventive mechanisms (NPMs) could play in judicial cooperation between European countries was mentioned in particular, although various limitations have been identified which hamper such a possibility: NPM independence is an obstacle to being able to validate a transfer request made by a judge in an identified penal institution. The CGLPL also took a leading position on the issue of measuring the impact of NPMs, during a meeting organised by the Council of Europe in Paris, where it was able to present its method for monitoring action taken regarding recommendations. 110

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