fight against corruption as well as reform steps in all law enforcement bodies. Furthermore, all stakeholders of the discussion noted three key issues that were defining police reform strategies: 1) available resources and spending levels; 2) the political will of higher authorities to implement reform; and 3) the readiness of the civil society for change. Participants underlined the need to plan a step by step implementation of the Concept. As a result of the discussions an Interagency Working Group was created that included representative of the Presidential Administration, the Kyrgyz Government, members of the Parliament, law enforcement agencies and civil society. This working group was tasked to finalize the Reform Concept and to elaborate an action plan for further implementation of the Concept. During the reporting period, the PRP also received an inquiry for assistance from the MoI to provide information on police trade unions. The MoI showed its particular interest in learning more about police trade unions from other countries in order to potentially introduce such a new institution within the MoI system in the context of police reform. The PRP conducted a substantial research on the experience of this institution abroad and provided information from German, Estonian, and U.S. police unions, as well as documents from the European Council of Police Trade Unions. Police Education In order to increase the overall quality of professional police training and education in the country it is important to improve all kinds of police training programmes in a harmonized way. The PRP has been providing access to advanced international experience in the sphere of basic police training to the managerial and teaching staff of the Police Academy and the Secondary Special Police School (SSPS), as well as methodical and technical support to new innovations. On 8 June, the Deputy Chief of the Police Academy on Academic Affairs met with representatives of the Turkish National Police (TNP) Academy in Ankara to discuss the utilization of the experience of the TNP’s Police Academy in Kyrgyzstan. On 9-10 June, the OSCE organized and funded the participation of the Deputy Chief of the MoI Human Resources Directorate and the Deputy Chief on Academic Affairs of the Police Academy at the international workshop on "Contemporary Police Training: E-learning" that was organized by the SPMU at the TNP Academy in Ankara (see also chapter 2). The Kyrgyz delegates obtained a deeper knowledge on the role of e-learning methodologies in police training. They also met with delegates from Asian and European countries and the USA who shared their experiences. On 21 June, the PRP took part in the Police Academy’s Graduation Day where approximately 300 police cadets were given police pocket handbooks developed by the PRP to promote the culture of the rule of law among the Kyrgyz police. This was the first time that such pocket handbooks were developed for uniformed police in the Russian and Kyrgyz languages. The pocket handbooks include excerpts of international and domestic legislation and cover various aspects of police work, including: human rights; police ethics; the basic principles of the use of force; the treatment of foreigners, citizens, and homeless persons; and business communication. The handbook contains other useful information, such as short Russian-English and Kyrgyz-English basic phrases for the communication with foreigners, and other information useful for the police officers' daily work. The PRP also provided the Police Academy with professional literature on the basics of management in police and operational and investigatory aspects of crime detection, as well as access to an updated database of legislation and an internet connection. 103