In addition to being used for funding small community events, sports events and Police Open Days, the CIF was also used to fund jointly planned campaigns, or to provide for material instalments if deemed beneficial. These projects provided the basis for both improving cooperation between the CSI and its counterparts, and also for enhancing Police-Public Partnership. Small problem-solving initiatives such as painting road crossings or assisting with passport applications helped to generate a spirit of good will and increased the level of confidence in the police service which might encourage citizens in the future to address the police with more serious problems. The CSI attempted to set up a system where problems of the communities are reported to the MPRs to be subsequently presented to the CSWG in order to identify, propose and implement solutions sometimes using the CIF. While the CSI invested significant efforts in providing conceptual, infrastructural and capacity-building support in establishing this system in 2011, further support was needed in 2012 to make the system work flawlessly. Respect for and Protection of Human Rights by the Police By the end of 2011, the issue of human rights violations by law enforcement structures was still of great concern to the CSI and its national and international partners. Throughout the year, the CSI and its partners received reports of arbitrary arrests, abuse and extortions. At the same time there continued to be a lack of a co-ordinated mechanism within the donor community to properly map and/or keep a database of reported human rights violations, which in turn the CSI could use to reference in a systematic way in its priority districts. In the second half of the year, the CSI joined a Human Rights Working Group chaired by the OHCHR and engaged in discussion with a wide variety of NGOs in order to promote and gain support for its activity, in particular the MPRs, and also to explore what other possibilities their could be for interaction. In its efforts to directly address the issue of human rights training for the police, the CSI was only able to carry out one specifically targeted training on human rights for a group of Neighbourhood Inspectors. However discussions were held on more elaborated training to be carried out in early 2012. There has not been any movement in the establishment of a viable monitoring mechanism in the MoI, proposed by the CSI. However there has been some notable advancement in light of the establishment of a Civil Oversight Council in Bishkek. At the end of 2011, the insight, impact, power and reach of this council was still in an early phase of development and had not yet become effective in the south of the country. Experience has shown that the community policing section of the Kyrgyz police, with whom the CSI is dealing, is the one being least exposed to opportunities for making money and, as a result, is less infected with corruption and rights abuse. This has allowed the establishment of a foundation for co-operation and a base to develop the issue of police ethics including human rights in other areas of policing. To achieve tangible results the MoI has to consider developing and controlling police ethics standards as a priority. Unfortunately, no real progress has been visible in this respect over previous years. Through the MPRs and the CSWGs much potential exists for positive developments mainly with respect to the role of the public in advocating and requesting positive changes in police performance. While the MPRs provide outreach and service they also provide information about where to find assistance. Through the CSWG meaningful dialogue and action can provide an impetus as in the example of the Citizens’ Rights Brochure (in relation to police) which was proposed, debated, worked out, and going to be printed in early 2012. 111