ESSEX PAPER 3: INITIAL GUIDANCE ON THE INTERPRETATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UN NELSON MANDELA RULES Chapter 5: Restrictions, discipline and sanctions 77 Introduction 77 General Principles 78 Procedural Rights in Disciplinary Proceedings 81 Types of Sanctions and Restriction 84 Solitary Confinement 86 Reducing the Negative Impact of Sanctions and Restrictions 92 Record-Keeping 93 Instruments of Restraint 93 Role of Medical Personnel 96 Chapter 6: Incident management 98 Safety and Security 98 Scope/meaning of Safety and Security 99 Use of Force and Arms 107 Complaints 113 Investigations 119 Annex: List of participants 124 Note on terms used in this document: Where the document refers to Rules, it refers to the Nelson Mandela Rules. The term ‘revised Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners’ and ‘Nelson Mandela Rules’ is used interchangeably on purpose, seeking to emphasise that the Rules are no newly created standard, but an updated version of the 1955 Standard Minimum Rules (SMR). The terms ‘Essex group’ or ‘experts’ refer to the participants of the expert meeting on 7-8 April 2016 at Essex University in Colchester, UK. Penal Reform International and the Essex Human Rights Centre |4