40 Gender and Security Toolkit As noted in an evaluation of programmes from Australia, this means that: … assessments and interventions should not be single issue focused. In other words, effective treatment of any one issue is likely to involve treatment of other issues. A woman with a housing problem, for example, may not progress unless issues relating to drug use, an abusive partner and relationships with her children are also addressed.22 Programmes should be localized and made appropriate for the women, men, boys and girls in that particular context, acknowledging the diversity of cultures within the population and ensuring there are appropriate means to allow all women and girls equal access. Young people should also receive education around puberty and sexual maturation, with access and appropriate introduction to sanitary products and sexual health advice. Women are generally accused and convicted of economically motivated crimes at a higher rate than men, and many have further caring responsibilities to consider when they leave prison. For example, in China an analysis of the crime statistics found that 67 per cent of men surveyed on pre-trial detention had been accused of an economically motivated crime, but this figure was 87 per cent for women.23 Research from Argentina found that 85 per cent of the women surveyed were convicted of economic crimes, and of those women, 75.6 per cent were the primary income earners for their households.24 However, in many cases the only vocational training or skills development available is steeped in traditional ideas of what a woman’s role should be. The programmes neither challenge gender inequality nor help to provide a viable way for women to develop and succeed in the world of work. It is therefore of great importance that women receive assistance while in places of deprivation of liberty to give them a viable means of earning money when they rejoin the community (see Box 15). Box 15: Usable skills development for women in prison in Hong Kong The Industries and Vocational Training Section of the Hong Kong Correctional Services Department creates a real-world working environment for prisoners. It helps them to develop healthy and responsible working habits while assisting them to practise their useful skills to earn a living. A representative from the Correctional Services Department stated that 80 per cent of female ex-offenders are able to find a job. Rather than offering training based on gendered expectations, vocational training programmes are available based on the skills and interests of the individual. Examples of training courses include electrical installation, office and commercial practice, and food and beverage services. Courses can lead to exams under external accreditation bodies – such as the City and Guilds and the Construction Industry Council – which do not connect them to the correctional facility and help to avoid stigmatization. Source: B. Thongmark (2016) “Rehabilitation service: Good practice from Hong Kong Correctional Services Department”, Thailand Institute of Justice, TIJ Quarterly, 3, p. 14. Even where there are programmes available for women in places of deprivation of liberty, access to the programmes or work can be a huge problem for women who have children with them in detention. Some places of deprivation of liberty have enabled women with children in detention to gain access to work, education and respite by finding ways to care for the children while the mother accesses the relevant programmes (see Box 16). A commonly overlooked issue is that staff working within places of deprivation of liberty have difficulties and responsibilities similar to those of the people whom they supervise, and their living conditions and lack of access to assistance may be similar. Some places of deprivation of liberty have taken this into consideration, and allow staff to use medical