Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 Materialne razmere zapornikov v samicah Material conditions in solitary confinements 58. Celice, ki se uporabljajo za osamitev, morajo izpolnjevati enake minimalne standarde kot celice drugih zapornikov. To pomeni, da morajo biti enako velike, imeti enako naravno osvetlitev in biti opremljene z umetno osvetlitvijo (v obeh primerih primerno za branje), biti morajo tudi ustrezno ogrevane in prezračevane. Samice morajo imeti tudi opremo za stike z zaporniškim osebjem. Zaporniki morajo imeti v samicah urejeno spodobno opravljanje naravnih potreb in možnost tuširanja vsaj tako pogosto kot zaporniki v običajnem režimu. Zaporniki v samici morajo biti oblečeni v običajna zaporniška oblačila in dobivati običajno zaporniško hrano, tudi posebne diete, če jih potrebujejo. Površina, kjer se zaporniki razgibavajo, mora biti dovolj velika, da jim omogoča pravo razgibavanje, in opremljena tako, da jih ščiti pred naravnimi prvinami. 58. The cells used for solitary confinement should meet the same minimum standards as those applicable to other prisoner accommodation. Thus, they should be of an adequate size, enjoy access to natural light and be equipped with artificial lighting (in both cases sufficient to read by), and have adequate heating and ventilation. They should also be equipped with a means of communication with prison staff. Proper arrangements should be made for the prisoners to meet the needs of nature in a decent fashion at all times and to shower at least as often as prisoners in normal regime. Prisoners held in solitary confinement should be allowed to wear normal prison clothing and the food provided to them should be the normal prison diet, including special diets when required. As for the exercise area used by such prisoners, it should be sufficiently large to enable them genuinely to exert themselves and should have some means of protection from the elements. 59. Vse prepogosto delegacije CPT ugotavljajo, da ena ali več teh osnovnih zahtev ni izpolnjenih, zlasti pri zapornikih, zaprtih v samicah na podlagi disciplinskega ukrepa. Samice za to vrsto osamitve so na primer včasih v kletnih prostorih, nimajo ustrezne naravne osvetlitve in prezračevanja, pogosto so vlažne. Običajno so premajhne, pogosto merijo le tri do štiri kvadratne metre. V tej zvezi želi CPT poudariti, da naj bi celice s kvadraturo manj kot šest kvadratnih metrov izločili iz zaporniških bivalnih zmogljivosti. Površine za razgibavanje teh zapornikov so pogosto prav tako neustrezne. 60. Običajna praksa za celice, kjer so zaprti zaporniki, kaznovani z osamitvijo, je omejeno število kosov pohištva, pa še ti so pogosto pritrjeni na tla. Kljub temu bi morale samice imeti vsaj mizo, ustrezno sedišče (stol ali klop) za čez dan in ustrezno posteljo s posteljnino za čez noč. CPT meni, da bi morale biti celice, kjer so zaprti zaporniki z drugačnimi režimi osamitve, opremljene popolnoma enako kot celice drugih zapornikov. Režimi osamitve 61. Kar zadeva vse druge zaporniške režime, je treba upoštevati načelo, ki pravi, da zaporniki, ki prestajajo kazen v samici, ne bi smeli imeti več omejitev, kot je potrebno za njihov varen in urejen odvzem prostosti. Prav tako si je treba posebno prizadevati za izboljšanje režimov za tiste zapornike, ki so daljša obdobja zaprti v samicah in potrebujejo posebno pozornost, da bi bile škodljive posledice osamitve kar najmanjše. Odgovor na to vprašanje ni nujno »vse ali nič. Vsaka posamezna omejitev mora biti uporabljena v skladu z ocenjenim tveganjem za posameznega zapornika. Kot smo že navedli, je treba prav tako jasno razlikovati med režimi, ki veljajo za zapornike, ki prestajajo kazen v samici, in sicer na podlagi posamezne vrste osamitve. a) Z zaporniki, ki so zaprti v samici med priporom v skladu z odredbo sodišča, je treba ravnati čim bolj enako kot z drugimi priporniki. Posebne omejitve veljajo samo, če so nujno potrebne za delovanje sodnega sistema. b) Zaporniki, ki so zaprti v samici na podlagi disciplinskega ukrepa, ne smejo nikoli ostati brez stikov s svojo družino, vse omejitve teh stikov so lahko izrečene samo, če se zapornikov prekršek nanaša na te stike. Zaporniki tudi ne smejo imeti omejene pravice do stika z odvetnikom. Zaporniki morajo imeti pravico, da se vsaj eno uro vsak dan razgibavajo na svežem zraku, in sicer od prvega dne osamitve. Osebje jih mora spodbujati, naj se zunaj razgibavajo. Dovoljen jim mora biti tudi dostop do razumnega obsega branja (na primer brez omejenega dostopa do verskih besedil). Bistveno je, da so zaporniki v samici deležni spodbude, ki jim pomaga vzdrževati dobro duševno počutje. 168 Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju 59. All too often, CPT delegations find that one or more of these basic requirements are not met, in particular in respect of prisoners undergoing solitary confinement as a disciplinary sanction. For example, the cells designed for this type of solitary confinement are sometimes located in basement areas, with inadequate access to natural light and ventilation and prone to dampness. And it is not unusual for the cells to be too small, sometimes measuring as little as 3 to 4 metres; in this connection, the CPT wishes to stress that any cell measuring less than 6 metres˛ should be withdrawn from service as prisoner accommodation. The exercise areas used by the prisoners concerned are also frequently inadequate. 60. It is common practice for cells accommodating prisoners undergoing solitary confinement as a punishment to have a limited amount of furniture, which is often secured to the floor. Nevertheless, such cells should be equipped, as a minimum, with a table, adequate seating for the daytime (i.e. a chair or bench), and a proper bed and bedding at night. As regards the cells used to accommodate prisoners undergoing other types of solitary confinement, the CPT considers that they should be furnished in the same manner as cells used by prisoners on normal location. Regimes in solitary confinement 61. As with all other regimes applied to prisoners, the principle that prisoners placed in solitary confinement should be subject to no more restrictions than are necessary for their safe and orderly confinement must be followed. Further, special efforts should be made to enhance the regime of those kept in long-term solitary confinement, who need particular attention to minimise the damage that this measure can do to them. It is not necessary to have an “all or nothing” approach to the question. Each particular restriction should only be applied as appropriate to the assessed risk of the individual prisoner. Equally, as already indicated, there should be a clear differentiation between the regimes applied to persons subject to solitary confinement, having regard to the type of solitary confinement involved. a) Prisoners placed in solitary confinement as part of remand conditions ordered by a court should be treated as far as possible like other remand prisoners, with extra restrictions applied only as strictly required for the administration of justice. b) Prisoners undergoing solitary confinement as a disciplinary sanction should never be totally deprived of contacts with their families and any restrictions on such contacts should be imposed only where the offence relates to such contacts. And there should be no restriction on their right of access to a lawyer. They should be entitled to at least one hour’s outdoor exercise per day, from the very first day of placement in solitary confinement, and be encouraged to take outdoor exercise. They should also be permitted access to a reasonable range of reading material (which, for example, should not be restricted to religious texts). It is crucially important that they have some stimulation to assist in maintaining their mental wellbeing. National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 169